booltБюллетень Государственного Никитского ботанического садаBulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens0513-1634Federal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS”boolt-1105Research ArticleБОТАНИКА И ЭКОЛОГИЯК вопросу о классификации жизненных форм тропических и субтропических видов папоротникообразных растенийThe Approaches to the Classification of Life Forms of Fern-Like Plants (Polypodiophyta, Including Lycopodiophyta)КалюжныйС. С.KalyuzhnyS. S.

Sergey Sergeevich Kalyuzhny,

197022, St. Petersburg, internal territory of the city, municipal district Aptekarsky Island, Professor Popov Street, Bld. 2, litera V.

 

fernbaikal@yandex.ruШевчукО. М.ShevchukO. M.

Oksana Mikhailovna Shevchuk,

298648, Yalta, NBG-NSC’s territory, bld. 1, facility 1.

oksana_shevchuk1970@mail.ruFederal State Funded Institution of Science Botanical Institute named after V.L. Komarov of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Peter the Great Botanical GardenRussian FederationFederal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National Scientific Center of the RAS”Russian Federation20262305202601584458Copyright © Калюжный С.С., Шевчук О.М., 20262026Калюжный С.С., Шевчук О.М.Kalyuzhny S.S., Shevchuk O.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://boolt.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1105

Жизненная форма (ЖФ) папоротникообразных растений (Polypodiophyta, включая Lycopodiophyta) является отражением приспособленности к прошлым и существующим почвенноклиматическим и ценотическим условиям местообитаний. Анализ созданных к настоящему времени классификаций папоротникообразных показывает вовлеченность как спорофитов, так и гаметофитов. В частности, исследование морфологических структур гаметофитов папоротников, начатое в XIX веке еще немецкими ботаниками, выявило важность использования сравнительной морфологии при подходах к классификации папоротникообразных растений (Orth, 1936; Goebel, 1928). Различные способы прорастания спор были проанализированы S. Momose и отражены им в многочисленных публикациях (1937 a, b; 1938 a, b, c; 1939; 1941; 1942). Nayar B.K., Kaur S при изучении папоротникообразных растений Индии предложили новую классификацию. Варминг Й.Э. (1884) при выделении жизненных форм папоротников выделял две группы: I главная (3 подгруппы) самая малая и II главная (2 подгруппы, 3 типа) со множеством вариантов и подвариантов. Первые подходы в нашей стране по выделению ЖФ успешно были развиты И.Г. Серебряковым для высших цветковых растений (Серебряков, 1964), где не рассматривались споровые растения. Первая классификация споровых растений (папоротников, хвощей и плаунов) нашей страны нашла отражение в работах А.П. Хохрякова (1976) и Шориной Н.И. (1994). При Изучение папоротников Юга Российского Дальнего Востока О.В. Храпко была разработана достаточно подробная классификация: выделено 14 морфологических типов вай, 6 типов ветвления и 15 типов корневищ, что в итоге выделило 15 жизненных форм по надземным и подземным частям папоротников (Храпко, 1996). Рядом авторов (Halle, Oldeman, 1970 И.И. Гуреевой (2001) был предложен термин «архитектурная модель», которая базируется на основе дихотомического ключа в рассмотрении подземных корневищ и содержит большое количество моделей, типов, групп, секций, вариантов, но не отражает биоморфологических особенностей строения многолетних структур папоротникообразных растений. По мнению некоторых исследователей, (Серебряков, 1964; Raunkiaer, 1934) концепция модульности при классификации жизненных форм папоротникообразных, которая развита на не экологических принципах «архитектурная модель» не может признаваться структурной основой жизненной формы. Раункиером разработана (1934) классификация, в которой выделены 131 биоморфа из основных 13 и 185 вариантов. Нами предложена объединенная классификация жизненных форм растений, базирующаяся на классификациях Ch. Raunkiaer, с дополнением по T. Hosokawa (1949). Разработанная система жизненных форм Ch. Raunkiaer не теряет своей актуальности и может быть использована большинством ботаников в наше время, и прекрасно подходит для выделения жф папоротникообразных растений, а дополнения T. Hosokawa по эпифитным растениям только усиливают данную систему.

The life form (LF) of plants reflects their adaptation to past and current soil, climatic, and cenotic conditions of their habitats. A distinctive feature of fern-like plant classifications (Polypodiophyta, including Lycopodiophyta) is the need to consider both the structure of sporophytes and gametophytes. The study of the morphological structures of fern gametophytes, begun in the 19th century by German botanists, revealed the importance of using comparative morphology in approaches to the classification of ferns (Orth, 1936; Goebel,

1928). The methods of spore germination were analyzed by S. Momose (1937 a,b; 1938 a,b,c; 1939; 1941; 1942). The author distinguished three types of germination: centrifugal, tangential, and centripetal. Nayar B.K. and Kaur S. when studying pteridophytes of India proposed a new classification, which reflected all existing types of germination of spores and formation of prothallia. J.E. Warming (1884), when distinguishing the life forms of ferns, distinguished two groups: I main (3 subgroups) the smallest and II main (2 subgroups, 3 types) with many variants and subvariants. The first approaches in our country to the allocation of LF of plants were successfully developed by I.G. Serebryakov for higher angiosperms (Serebryakov, 1964), where spore plants were not considered. The first classification of spore plants (ferns, horsetails and club mosses) was reflected in the works of A.P. Khokhryakov (1976) and Shorina N.I. (1994). When studying ferns of the south of the Russian Far East, O.V. Khrapko (1996) developed a fairly detailed classification that identified 14 morphological types of fronds, 6 types of branching and 15 types of rhizomes, which ultimately identified 15 LF of the above-ground and underground parts of ferns. A number of authors (Halle, Oldeman, 1970; I.I. Gureeva (2001)) proposed the term "architectural model" which is based on a dichotomous key in the consideration of underground rhizomes and contains a large number of models, types, groups, sections, variants, but does not reflect the biomorphological features of the perennial structure for fern’s-like plants. According to some authors (Serebryakov, 1964; Raunkiaer, 1934) the concept of modularity in the classification of LF of ferns, which is developed on non-ecological principles, the "architectural model" cannot be recognized as the structural basis of a life form. Raunkiaer developed (1934) a classification in which 131 biomorphs from the main 13 and 185 variants are distinguished. For fern-like plants of the boreal, subtropical and tropical zones, distinguished by the presence of evergreen and tree-like species, we are segregated classification of plant life forms, based on the classification of Ch. Raunkiaer (1934), with additions according to T. Hosokawa (1949) for epiphytic plants, which includes 12 main life forms and 31 variants. 

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