booltБюллетень Государственного Никитского ботанического садаBulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens0513-1634Federal State Funded Institution of Science “The Labour Red Banner Order Nikitsky Botanical Gardens – National scientific Center of the RAS”boolt-1110Research ArticleЭФИРОМАСЛИЧНЫЕ И ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯESSENTIAL OIL AND MEDICINAL PLANTSОценка антифунгальной активности гидролата и эфирного масла Monarda citriodora в отношении некоторых фитопатогенов и микокомплексовEvaluation of antifungal properties of Monarda citriodora hydrolate and essential oil against certain phytopathogens and mycocomplexesСолдатовД. К.SoldatovD. K.

Денис Константинович Солдатов,

298648, Республика Крым, м.о. город-курорт Ялта,  тер. Никитский ботанический сад, зд. 1, стр. 1.

cellbiolnbs@yandex.ruБулавинИ. В.BulavinI. V.

Илья Владимирович Булавин,

298648, Республика Крым, м.о. город-курорт Ялта,  тер. Никитский ботанический сад, зд. 1, стр. 1;

299053, Республика Крым, г. Севастополь, ул. Университетская, 33.

ФеськовС. А.FeskovS. A.

Сергей Александрович Феськов,

298648, Республика Крым, м.о. город-курорт Ялта,  тер. Никитский ботанический сад, зд. 1, стр. 1.

ШевчукО. М.ShevchukO. M.

Оксана Михайловна Шевчук,

298648, Республика Крым, м.о. город-курорт Ялта,  тер. Никитский ботанический сад, зд. 1, стр. 1;

299053, Республика Крым, г. Севастополь, ул. Университетская, 33.

Никитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центрRussian FederationНикитский ботанический сад – Национальный научный центр; Севастопольский государственный университетRussian Federation20262305202601588796Copyright © Солдатов Д.К., Булавин И.В., Феськов С.А., Шевчук О.М., 20262026Солдатов Д.К., Булавин И.В., Феськов С.А., Шевчук О.М.Soldatov D.K., Bulavin I.V., Feskov S.A., Shevchuk O.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://boolt.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/1110

Проведена оценка антифунгальной активности гидролата и эфирного масла Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. против изолята Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., выделенного с поверхности листовых пластинок, пораженных растений Monarda, и микокомплекса, находящегося на боковых фотосинтетических органах эфироносов Monarda didyma L. и Monarda fistulosa L., культивируемых на коллекционных участках Никитского ботанического сада. В лабораторных экспериментах показано, что гидролат не оказывал существенного ингибирующего эффекта на фитопатоген. Эфирное масло тимольного хемотипа (тимол ‒ 62,84 %, карвакрол ‒ 7,20 %) полностью подавляло рост мицелия в концентрированном виде и разведениях в диапазоне от 1:1 до 1:50. В полевых испытаниях на растениях M. didyma и M. fistulosa, пораженных комплексом грибных патогенов, при опрыскивании составом, содержащим эфирное масло (1:25), существенного снижения развития инфекции не наблюдалось. Отмечена выраженная фитотоксичность (хлороз, усыхание и опадение листьев). Высокая антифунгальная активность эфирного масла in vitro обусловлена доминированием фенольных соединений. Результаты указывают на перспективность эссенциального масла как биофунгицида при условии оптимизации композиций для снижения фитотоксичности. 

The antifungal activity of the Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. hydrolate and essential oil against an Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl. isolate, obtained from infected Monarda leaves, as well as mycocomplex, developed on the lateral photosynthetic organs of the essential oil-bearing plants M. didyma L. and M. fistulosa L., grown in the collection plots of the Nikita Botanical Gardens, was evaluated. In laboratory studies were performed that hydrolat showed no significant inhibitory effect on fungal phytopathogen. The essential oil of the thymol chemotype (thymol 62.84%, carvacrol 7.20%) completely inhibited mycelial growth as concentrate and in the diluted form of 1:25 to 1:50. In the field experiments conducted on M. didyma and M. fistulosa plants naturally infected with a complex of fungal pathogens, treated the composition, comprising the diluted essential oil (1:25), did not result in a significant reduction in infection development. Phytotoxicity was observed (chlorosis, drying, leaf drop). The high antifungal activity of the essential oil in vitro is due to the dominance of phenolic compounds. The results indicate the potential of the essential oil as a biofungicide, provided that formulations are optimized to reduce phytotoxicity.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.