Assessment of elite forms of walnut according to the complex of signs of fruit quality and fatty acid composition
Abstract
The article presents the results of assessing the quality of fruits of 20 elite forms of walnut from the selection gene pool of the Federal State Funded Scientific Institution “North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking”. The objective of the study was to select promising hybrid forms of walnut based on a set of quality characteristics. The following features were assessed: nut weight, kernel yield, shell thickness, ease of removal of kernel halves, kernel plumpness, kernel color, membrane thickness, shell texture and nut shape. The total fat content of fruits and fatty acid profiling were analyzed. Fruit quality was assessed using generally accepted techniques. The chemical composition was analyzed using modern methods – NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography. The average fruit weight was 11.25 g, kernel yield was 50.29%, oil content was 70.84%, while 65% of the samples were high-oil (>70%). Polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for 68.28%, monounsaturated acids averaged 28.58%. Among PUFAs, the dominant acid was linoleic (48.95-66.09%). In the MUFA group, the main fatty acid was oleic (12.28-31.33%). Three hybrids (13-45-23 (4.3/1), 17-2-14 (4.9/1), 17-5-19 (5.0/1) showed the most balanced ratio, corresponding to WHO recommendations (1/1-5/1). As a result of the assessment, promising hybrid forms were identified (17-5-8, 17-2-14, 13-48-23, 13-54-23, 13-45-23, 17-5-19), which are valuable as initial breeding material for use as sources of economically valuable traits.
About the Authors
E. A. Al-Naqib
ФГБНУ «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия»
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
I. A. Suprun
ФГБНУ «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный центр садоводства, виноградарства, виноделия»
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Review
For citations:
Al-Naqib E.A., Suprun I.A. Assessment of elite forms of walnut according to the complex of signs of fruit quality and fatty acid composition. Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. 2025;(156):69-79. (In Russ.)
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