Monitoring of the evaluation of winter garlic morphometry using chemical mutagens

Abstract

The results of treatment of winter garlic that is grown in the Crimea with chemical mutagens are presented. The air bulbs (garlic bulbs) of the local population were treated with chemical mutagens of the first group (they are capable to transfer alkyd compounds to other molecules), namely, diethyl phosphate 0.025%, 0.05 and 0.1%, as well as dimethyl sulfate 0.025%, 0.04 and 0.08%. In the first year of harvest, cloves of garlic were divided into large Ø 2.5-3 cm, medium - from 1.5 to 2.5 cm and small ones - less than 1.5 cm. Then (in 2017-2018), plant morphometry was monitored. A change in morphological features was revealed: an increase in plant height by 9- 19% and the number of leaves up to 25% (with an increase in their length and a decrease in width). Depending on the group of plants, a decrease in the height of the false stem to 21% was noted with a significant increase in its diameter. An increase in the diameter of the bulbs by 14 -19%, depending on the concentration of the mutagen and the group of plants, was revealed. Treatment of air bulbs of winter garlic with chemical mutagens (diethyl phosphate and dimethyl sulfate) made it possible to select the healthy garlic cloves with a weight up to 24-32 g with an increased reproduction rate (6) in a group of plants marked as “large ”.