Scots pine in changing climatic conditions of the Central Chernozem region

Currently, high rates of climate change have been recorded in the regions of Russia, including the Central Chernozem region, therefore, an urgent task is to study the state of forest woody plants in conditions of global warming. The article studies the climatic parameters of the steppes of the Central Chernozem region and the parameters of seed productivity of the planting of scots pine in connection with the climate change of the study region. Weather conditions were analyzed in the spring-summer period from March to July, when the most sensitive processes of development of forest woody plants occur. According to the results of the five-year monitoring of the average monthly precipitation and temperature from 2017 to 2021, it was found that the excess of the average monthly temperature relative to the long-term regional norm occurs regularly and is accompanied by a reduced amount of precipitation. June 2019 was characterized by the strongest and longest deviations from the norm: the average monthly temperature exceeded the norm by +3.6 °C, the amount of precipitation was 15% of the norm. Atmospheric and soil drought has formed. These climatic conditions affected the seed productivity of scots pine - the main forest-forming species of the study region. In the conditions of the drought of 2019, which lasted 7 weeks, there was a decrease in the number of trees belonging to highly productive classes of full-grain seeds by 36% compared to the optimal year, and the total number of empty seeds per cone increased. Thus, the climate of the steppe zone of the Voronezh region can be characterized as continental, prone to droughts in spring and summer. Arid conditions of the study region negatively affect the generative sphere of scots pine, which is expressed in low seed productivity.

climatic conditions, steppe zone, drought, scots pine, seed productivity, full grain of seeds, number of seeds in a cone

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