«Black spot of rice» and its distribution in the rice-sowing areas of the Krasnodar krai

Abstract

Damage to the grain of rice "black spot" reduces the profitability of rice cultivation, even with minimal intensity of damage. During the grain filling period, damage to the grains occurs due to the development of fungal and bacterial mycroflora and the bites of insect pests. "Black spotting of rice" has been identified and is found in the northern part of Japan, the USA, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil, Venezuela, it is characterized by blackening of grain films, the appearance of dark spots. As a rule, spotting appears on the top of the grain, sometimes in its middle part and less often at the bottom. Pathological changes occur in the aleurone layer and the surface part of the endosperm. The affected tissues die off and turn brown. In recent years, there has been a sharp decrease in damage to rice grains by "black spot", but the feasibility of annual large-scale monitoring of the intensity of damage to grains and the control of insects with piercing-sucking mouthparts on rice crops in rice farms is still relevant. As a result of the research, it was revealed that in 2020, rice crops were most severely affected by “black spotting” in Krasnoarmeisky (ESOS Krasnaya) and Abinsk (LLC KH Pugacha S.G.) districts. Rice crops in the Krasnoarmeisky RPZ (Krasnoarmeisky district) and the control plant of the Federal Scientific Center for Rice (Krasnodar) were not affected by black spot. In 2021, the situation as a whole in the districts worsened.