Phenological features of the development of some cultivars and promising forms of apple trees

The article presents the results of the study of the main phenological phases of development of the introduced cultivars and new forms of apple trees breeding at the Crimean Horticultural Station in the foothill zone of the Crimea. The sequence of their onset was determined, and the terms of the beginning of the growing season and its duration were established. As the Crimea is an area of risky horticulture, and the return frosts occur every 3 to 4 years, the peculiarities of the most important flowering phase, its duration and the required amount of effective temperatures are determined. Cultivars and forms distinguished by late flowering - ‘Tavriya’, ‘Salgirskoe’, 3-5-s - have been identified. For a number of cultivars and hybrid forms, the terms of fruit ripening in agroclimatic conditions of the Crimea were determined. It was found that in some samples, the fruit ripened in earlier terms than indicated in the literature. As a result of the research, the cultivars and forms of apple trees studied are distributed in groups according to the features of seasonal development, as well as the duration of the growing season. The inclusion of cultivars and hybrid forms according to their fruit ripening time into the following groups: early summer, summer, autumn, early winter, winter and late winter. As a result of the study, it was found that the accumulation of a certain sum of average daily temperatures above 10°C characterizes the heat reserves, which are necessary for the ripening of apple-tree fruits. For each group of apple-tree cultivars and forms under study, the sum of effective temperatures above 5 and 10°C from flowering to the onset of removable fruit ripeness was calculated. Phenological observations have shown that climatic conditions of the Crimea correspond to the positive passage of all phases of development of induced cultivars and hybrid forms of apple trees and contribute to their further growth in this region.

phenology, cultivar, hybrid, flowering, fruit, ripening, vegetation, apple tree

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