Background accumulation levels of heavy metals, macroand trace elements by some lichen species of protected areas of the South and South-East coasts of the Crimea

Abstract

Lichens possess wide spectrum of biological activity and are successfully used in traditional medicine and ecological monitoring. The aim of the present work was the evaluation of accumulation peculiarities of 25 macro- and trace elements by some lichen species of Crimean specially protected natural conservation areas: “Karadagsky” and “Au-Dag” nature reserves. Among 3 most common species of lichens ( Cladonia rangiformis , C. convoluta, Evernia prunastri ) Cladonia convoluta contains the highest levels of minerals and demonstrates the highest accumulation capacity for heavy metals (Al, As, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sr, V) and Arsenicum, macroelements (Ca and Mg), and also trace elements (Co, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo and Zn). On the contrary, Evernia prunastri , colonizing branches of trees accumulates the highest levels of iodine and selenium. It was shown that accumulation levels of different elements by the mentioned lichens are not only species-specific but also are regulated by peculiarities of habitat (open area, forest canopy) and abiotic factors (humidity, temperature). The results may be considered as background values of elements in lichens for the studied environmentally friendly territories.