Pre-breeding research of a common wheat to improve its resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in the non-chernozem belt of the Russian Federation

This paper presents a retrospective and modern review of the research directions of the Laboratory of Genetics of FRС “Nemchinovka” to improve a common wheat resistance to fungal diseases using introgressive common wheat lines, which were obtained with the participation of species Aegilops speltoides , Ae.triuncialis , Triticum kiharae and Secale cereale . Stages of research are roughly divided into three periods. The first period (from 1980 to 1996) was associated with the development of theoretical foundations for the management of recombination processes in meiosis in distant wheat hybrids, the study of regularities of the formation process using donor pollen irradiation and the creation of an original collection of lines of spring and winter common wheat with added chromosomes of the species Ae. speltoides , lines with substitutions and translocated forms with genetic material Ae. triuncialis, T. kiharae and S. cereale. The second period (from 1996 to 2009) was associated with cytological and genetic study of the created collection on the basis of resistance to powdery mildew and leaf rust, as well as other economically valuable and morphological features, and the creation of breeding lines (secondary improved gene pool of wheat). The third period (from 2009 to the present day) is characterized by the creation of competitive breeding lines - prototypes of varieties with group resistance to fungal diseases, including dangerous quarantine disease stem rust race Ug99, using marker-assisted selection. An attempt is made to evaluate the advanced breeding material of spring wheat for abiotic stress-flooding of seeds. The genotypes, which were able to withstand water stress, were selected.

пшеница, сородичи пшеницы, облучение пыльцы, бурая и стеблевая ржавчина, мучнистая роса, гены устойчивости, водный стресс, wheat, wheat relatives, pollen irradiation, leaf and stem rust, powdery mildew, resistance genes, water stress