Some results of sweet cherry breeding in the Crimea

Abstract

Federal State Funded Institution of Science "The Labor Red Banner Order Nikita Botanical Gardens - National Scientific Center of the RAS" is the oldest scientific institution in the Crimea engaged in the breeding of various fruit crops. The article presents the results of many years of work on the creation of new cultivars of sweet cherries. Breeders I.N. Ryabov, A.N. Ryabova, A.N. Voloshina, I.V. Kryukova, V.P. Orekhova, G.M. Tarasyuk worked in this direction in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, L.A. Lukicheva, E.V. Tarasova, L.A. Chernen'kiy continued this work. In the process of breeding, about 200 hybrid families of sweet cherries were created and studied, obtained by methods of intersort hybridization, sowing seeds from free pollination, using the in vitro culture method, radiation mutagenesis, etc. Promising hybrids, breeding forms and cultivars were identified - 182. 10 cultivars of sweet cherries are included in the state register of breeding achievements approved for use: Uslada, Vesnyany Naspivy, Prizerka, Pikovaya Dama, Kutuzovka, Chernokrymka, Vitivnitsa, Znatnaya, Zarya Vostoka, Karadag. Two new cultivars - Triumf and Dolgozhdannaya - are in state testing in the network of state-owned transport sites. As a result of many years of research, new promising competitive cultivars and selected forms have been identified. Scientific and technical documentation is being prepared for the cultivars for their transfer to the state transport network in order to improve the zoned assortment of sweet cherries.