Features of growing of pear plantations (Pyrus communis L.) in the form of “standard pyramid” on quince rootstock BA29 in the Crimea

Abstract

The results of years of research of pears in the form of "standard pyramid" with the scheme of planting of 0.5+3.5 x 1.6+0.6 m (4347 tree/ha) in the piedmont area of the Crimea are presented. The following pear cultivars - Tavricheskaya, Izumrudnaya, Desertnaya on the quince rootstock ВА29 were the objects of the research. Based on the results, it has been found that in favorable years the average harvest was: in the plantations of the Tavricheskaya cultivar - 34.5 t/ha, Izumrudnaya cultivar - 26.1, Desertnaya cultivar - 21.8 t/ha. Maximum yield was noted in 2008: Tavricheskaya (49.3 t/ha), Izumrudnaya (42.3) and Desertnaya (34.6 t/ha). All three cultivars have a high fruit quality. The economic effect from cultivation of these cultivars ranges from 547.0 to 810 thousand rubbles per 1 hectare of garden at the level of profitability of 123-158% or higher, with the condition that all technological methods of cultivation on a high agrotechnical level. A new "standard pyramid" form of the crown recommended for establishing intensive unsupported orchards on the rootstock ВА29 in the agricultural enterprises of the Crimea and southern Russia.