Evaluation of different methods of grafting for apple-tree

Abstract

The article presents the results of studying different methods of obtaining apple-tree seedlings ( Malus domestica Borkh) grafted onto clonal rootstocks. It was investigated the combination of cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Jonagold’, grafted onto the MM-106 stock in three terms: by budding in August (control); table grafting with a two-eyed cutting in February; grafting by bud and cuttings in March. The aim of the research was to identify the most effective and technologically methods of grafting for apple-tree. We have noted the influence of these methods on the growth, development of plants under the field conditions and the yield of planting material. The most effective was the method of grafting in common use time. The survival rate of eyes in this variant varied from 92 to 98%. On average, over three years it was 96,7%. The yield of standard annual seedlings was 62.3 thous. pcs. per ha. In applying of grafting in winter, the survival rate of copulants was quite high (85,5%). However, the yield of the standard was significantly lower than in the control variant and did not exceed 50,0%. The use of early spring grafting by eye and cuttings was less effective. The yield of the standard varied from 24,7 to 38,2 thous. pcs. per ha. Therefore, the cultivation of apple planting material by the method of summer budding and winter grafting are the main and most effective ones. Spring grafting is less cost effective but can be used as a complementary method.