Тhe state of the soil-biotic complex in the process of creating a lawn on chernozem soil

Abstract

The state of the phytocenosis of the grass lawn and the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to it for the improvement of the urban environment largely depends on the characteristics of the soil used for its laying. The soil should have properties described by a set of such agrochemical and microbiological indicators that allow creating optimal conditions for the formation of dense herbage and maintaining the stability of phytocenosis over time, which was the objective of this study. The results of the assessment of the state of the soil-biotic complex of the soil prepared on the basis of the upper humus layer of podzolized heavy loamy and top peat in the ratio of volume 60:40, the content of organic matter, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium, mineral forms of nitrogen and the reaction of the medium, as well as the activity of catalase, invertase, cellulolytic activity and respiration are presented soils, in dynamics for 2017-2019. The microfield experiment, 3-fold repetition, plot area of 1 m², was laid at the experimental site of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy. Phytocenosis in the year of the creation of the soil is represented by white mustard used for siderate, and in subsequent years - by perennial grasses. It has been established that the fertility of the soil and the activity of enzymes that promote the decomposition of fiber significantly increase, starting from the first year of lawn maintenance, practically unchanged thereafter. A significant increase in the activity of catalase and invertase, as well as the release of CO2 occurs after two years of lawn maintenance under the herbage. The yield of aboveground grass phytomass for an average of 3 years was estimated at 17.34 tons of aboveground green phytomass or 3.45 tons of fodder units per 1 hectare of area.