Productivity of pear plantations (PYRUS COMMUNIS L.) under different systems of crown formation on the stock quince VA 29 in the Crimea

Abstract

The article presents the results of long-term studies on the productivity and activity of growth processes in various constructions of pear plantations in the foothill zone of the Crimea. On the basis of a long-term research on productivity, plantations of pear Tavricheskaya variety are specified which were grown on the quince root VA 29 with a spindle-shaped crown - 21.6 and a flattened crown with three pairs of main branches -19.9 t / ha (4 x 2 m, 1250 d./ha). The plantations of the Izumrudnaya variety in this yield on yield were inferior to the Tavricheskaya variety, where the average indices varied within the range of 9.3-14.6 t / ha and in plantations of the Bere Bosk variety did not exceed 8.7 tonnes / ha. The growth force of the stem in the pear tree with a density of 833 d/ha per 1 ha for the formation of a flattened crown with three pairs of skeletal branches increases by 1.5 (Tavricheskaya) and 1.2 times (Bere Bosk) in comparison with the density of placement of 1250 d./ ha. The more compact crowns characterize the Tavricheskaya and Izumrudnaya trees in the formation of a flattened spindle with fruit trees up to three years old, where the crown projection area was 1.4-1.6 m2, and their volume 2.4-2.6 m3 (833 d./ha) . The parameters of plantings in these varieties with a density of 1250 bp / ha are higher by 6.5 - 8.5%.