Variety of peach with improved chemical composition of fruits

Abstract

The results of many years of research on the study of the content of biologically active substances of the peach gene pool in the Nikita Botanical Gardens, which was formed due to its own selection and introduction of cultivars from Europe, China, the USA, various regions of the CIS and Russia, are summarized. The most valuable are cultivars with a complex of biologically valuable substances. They were divided into groups according to the amount of dry matter, sugars, ascorbic acid, titratable acids, leukoanthocyanins, pectin substances in the following combinations: according to two, three, four, five and six indicators in the greatest degree of their manifestation. The group with two distinguished traits included 32 peach cultivars (36,4%), with three - 40 cultivars (45,5%), with four- 14 (15,9%); with five - 1 (1,1%); with six - 1 (1,1%). The number of peach cultivars with a complex of biologically valuable substances in the North China and Iranian ecological-geographical groups was approximately the same (53,4 and 46,6%, respectively). The largest number of such cultivars was noted in the European ecotype of the North China and Iranian groups (52,3 and 37,5%). The method of cluster analysis revealed the degree of similarity between peach cultivars, distinguished by four or more biochemical characteristics, and the best cultivar based on the Euclidean distance.