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Bulletin of the State Nikitsky Botanical Gardens

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No 129 (2018)

DENDROLOGY

9-17 184
Abstract
For the first time the full ecological, phytocenotic and floristic characteristics of pine ( Pinus sylvestris var. hamata Steven = Pinus kochiana Klotzcsh) forests of Abkhazia in the rank of association of Arctostaphylo caucasicae-Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova prov. is given. The community is characterized by high rates of occurrence and abundance of boreal plant species Orthilia secunda, Arctostaphylos caucasica, Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum scoparium, Cladonia arbuscula . The association of Arctostaphylo caucasicae-Pinetum sylvestris is included in the Vaccinio-Piceetea class. The possibility to consider the community as a relict community formed during cold Pleistocene Period and preserved in the current vegetation cover of the Western Caucasus due to the combination of local conditions of the microclimate, relief and underlying rocks is substantiated.

ECOLOGY

17-22 158
Abstract
The article discusses the position of synthaxon communities in the model profile of Chebakskaya balka (draw) of Opuksky Nature Reserve on the gradients of environmental factors (illumination-shading, air temperature, aridity-humidity, cryoregime, continentality of the climate, humidification, variability of humidification, acidity of the substrate, salt regime (anionic composition) carbonates, nitrogen content, humus content, granulometric (mechanical) composition of the substrate. The density of packing of species of the community was determined by means of an original program. Modern trends of ecotope’s transformation and recommendations for its conservation are given.

БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЯ

23-29 194
Abstract
As a result of complex biotechnological and histological studies, the in vitro morphogenesis features of the relict endemic species of the Mountain Crimea Lamium glaberrimum (Koch) Taliev (Lamiaceae) have been revealed. It has been shown for the first time that in vitro morphogenesis of the studied species is realized in two ways: through direct and indirect organogenesis. Trophic, hormonal and physical factors affecting micro-multiplication of plants have been determined. The regenerants for conservation in in vitro gene bank have been obtained.

FLORA AND VEGETATION

30-38 124
Abstract
The article presents the results of the study of the cenopopulations of Asphodeline lutea (L.) Rchb. in various phytocenotic conditions of the natural areal in the Crimea (age structure, density per m², type of cenopopulations). It is shown that the features of the formation of generative structures and seed formation can ensure optimal reproduction of this species.

FLORICULTURE

38-44 164
Abstract
As a result of long-term cultivation of Clematis cultivars, the characteristics that have the greatest impact on the decorative and economically valuable cultivars were revealed on the basis of their comprehensive study. As a result, a universal 100-point scale, including 15 criteria, has been developed for the complex cultivar assessment, the use of which allows careful and targeted selection of promising cultivars for use in landscaping in the Southern Coast of the Crimea.
44-52 138
Abstract
We have established that the total duration of flowering of hybrid tea roses during the vegetative period on the South Coast is an average of 180 days per season, and some cultivars bloom more than 200 days a year. Such flowering time makes the cultivars of hybrid tea roses irreplaceable for landscaping of modern gardens and parks, city squares and streets, as well as private homesteads. This confirms the relevance and high prospects of cultivation and wide application of hybrid tea roses in the gardening of the Southern Coast of the Crimea and the South of Russia. As a result of long-term studies and complex sort evaluation, a range of 93 promising for greening cultivars of hybrid tea roses was identified.
53-60 112
Abstract
The article presents the results of an experiment to determine the optimal terms of transplantation of Iris x hybrida hort. A comparative assessment of qualitative and quantitative indicators of decorative and economically valuable features of 14 cultivars of iris hybrid collection of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens after planting was conducted in three periods: during the renewal of vegetation (the second decade of March), after flowering (the second decade of June) and during the decay of intensive leaf growth (the second decade of September). The optimum time to transplant Iris x hybrida hort. is after flowering.
60-68 124
Abstract
The article analyzes the ability of 100 cultivars of tulips introduced in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens to vegetative reproduction. Highly productive cultivars of tulips of different garden classes, capable of reproducing commercial bulbs under the hot conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea have been selected.
68-76 139
Abstract
Biological features are studied and the success of introduction of 15 varieties of lilies of collection of Cheboksary Branch of the GBS of the RAS is estimated. Their assessment on a complex of decorative and economic and useful signs is carried out. As a result of the complex variety assessment, 11 promising cultivars recommended for replenishing the zonal assortment of plants of the Middle Volga region were identified.

HUMAN PHYTOREHABILITATION

76-83 230
Abstract
The essential oil of peppermint of menthol-menthone-pulegone chemotype (Ukrainskaya cultivar) with a predominance in the composition of menthol and mentone, but with a significant portion of pulegone, in general, has a positive effect on the emotional state of the elderly: it reduces psychological stress, improves well-being, overall condition and mood, boosts self-assessment of health and vigor. In most cases, to achieve the effect it is needed a long exposure: 20 - 30 minutes. The impact on simple and complex thought processes is ambiguous - in different periods there is both improvement and deterioration of indicators. On the function of the cardiovascular system of the elderly the peppermint essential oil of Ukrainian cultivar influence mainly positive, but requires long exposure.

ESSENTIAL OIL AND MEDICINAL PLANTS

84-92 196
Abstract
The development of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit. in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea in the autumn terms of sowing was analyzed. It is shown that the plants successfully develop, reaching a maximum height (up to 130 cm) and yield (121.4 c/ha) during the mass bloom phase. The collection of essential oil in this phase of plant development is 82.5 kg/ ha. Using different methods of extracting essential oil (according to Ginsberg and Clevenger), it is possible to obtain the same amount of essential oil (0.68% of the raw mass). A comparative analysis of the component composition of the essential oil showed that the Ginsberg method makes it possible to obtain oil with a high content of capillene (64.2%) and eugenol, and the Clevenger method - with a higher content of mono- and bicyclic terpenes (ά- and β - pinene and limonene).

PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY

92-95 179
Abstract
For the first time the isolated polar lipids from the fruits of Lycium vulgaris, introduced in the conditions of the Research Institute of Biotechnology of Gorsky State Agrarian University (Vladikavkaz, RSO-Alania) and their fatty acid composition was identified. It was found that the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. contain 3.4% polar lipids (% by weight of air-dry fruits) with a mass fraction of polyunsaturated fatty acids 54.8% in the amount of fatty acids. Major fatty acids of polar lipids are diene linoleic acid (18:2), saturated palmitic acid (16:0) and monoene oleic acid (18:1). The content of carotenoids in fruits of L. barbarum L. is 44 mg/g. It is shown that the fruits of Lycium barbarum L. have a rich composition of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins.
96-100 103
Abstract
The indicators of the chemical composition of jam, confiture and candied fruits from chaenomeles fruits after manufacturing and storage are given. It was found that the greatest amount of ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds is contained in candied fruits (48.4 and 225 mg/100 g, respectively). During storage, the content of ascorbic acid and organic acids undergoes the most significant decrease in all types of products (28.9-49.4% and 11.9-42%, respectively).
101-105 127
Abstract
The change in the component composition and the content of phenolic substances in buds of three cultivars of apricot with different periods of flowering under the action of negative temperatures has been studied. It was found, that the effect of low-temperature stress leads to an increase in the content of phenolic substances. Crimean Amur cultivar was characterized by the highest frost resistance (69%), in buds of which the maximum concentrations of the sum and individual phenolic compounds were detected.

AGROECOLOGY

105-109 150
Abstract
The relation of the terrain relief of various areas of the steppe and piedmont Crimea with microclimatic indicators has been observed. And the assessment of the suitability of the topography of the area for orchards has been given.
110-115 205
Abstract
The agronomic characteristics of agro-brown carbonate skeletal deep plowed soils of the Southern Coast of the Crimea is presented and the parameters of the composition and properties of soils affecting the growth, root system and yield of plants of feijoa are given.

SOUTHERN HORTICULTURE

115-121 140
Abstract
The phenological observations of different genotypes of peach, nectarine, apricot and alycha were conducted. The data on the yielding of the researched cultivars and forms and their vulnerability to the most common fungus diseases were collected, as well as long-term (from 10 to 36 years) data for the construction of ontogenetic models of productivity taking into account significant abiotic and biotic stressors at different stages of ontogenesis were summarized. We determined the correlation relationships between the yield and the average daily temperatures, the maximal and minimal air temperatures during the blossom, the precipitation, the relative air humidity, the setting of reproductive buds, the intensity and the time of blossom, the degree of infestation with fungus pathogens and other factors. It was established that the researched cultivars and breeding forms reacted differently to the impact of these factors, which was related to biological specifics of individual genotypes.
122-127 199
Abstract
The modern gardening supposes introduction of cultivars that mostly meet market demands, soil and climatic conditions of their growing. The article covers study results of correlations between jujube economical, morphological and biological characters. 12 jujube cultivars were analyzed concerning similarity with the cultivar model. According to characters’ similarity and their significance, the studied cultivars are possible to unite into five clusters. By complex of parameters the closest cultivars to the model are Koktebel (170 units of Euclidean distance), Yalita, Ta-Yan-Tsao (82 units of Euclidean distance), Sinit, Yuzhanin (80 units of Euclidean distance).
127-131 150
Abstract
The article presents the results of studying the influence of clonal rootstocks for the pear KA 53, KA 61, KA 86, KA 92, BA 29(c) and pears Maria, Tavricheskaya, of the Crimean breeding for yield and quality planting material. The efficiency of growing seedlings with use of 4-fold pinching was shown. A high percentage of the yield of standard plants noted for cultivar Maria on the rootstocks KA 53.
131-136 126
Abstract
The article presents the results of studying the influence of abiotic factors on the productivity of olive cultivars Ascolyano and Tiflis. It was noted that among the studied meteorological factors of the medium (mean, maximum and minimum air temperature (° C), relative air humidity (%) and precipitation amount (mm) during the flowering period, the amount of precipitation during the flowering period had the greatest influence on the yield of the olive cultivars. For the Tiflis and Ascolyano cultivars, the correlation of these features was r = -0.84 and r = -0.88, respectively.

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

137-144 160
Abstract
As the result of perennial complex frost resistance study of 26 chaenomeles breeding forms, belong to the species: Chaenomeles japonica (Thumb.) Lindl ex Spach , Ch. spesiosa (Sweet) Nakai , Ch. cathayensis (Hemsl.) Schneid and hybrid group Ch. × superba (Frahm) Rehder under various low-temperature regimes there were defined the limits of harmful temperatures and the character of buds damages of various specialty. The dependence of frost resistance degree on duration of phenophase development, water cut of shoots and buds tissues was established. The cultivars were ranked according to the frost resistance level by the number of perspective genotypes that demonstrated relatively high potential stability to freezing temperatures in descending order: Ch. cathayensis - Ch. × superba - Ch. spesiosa - Chaenomeles japonica .


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ISSN 0513-1634 (Print)