The article presents the results of phenological observations and morphometric measurements during the initial introduction of Paeonia tenuifolia L. under the conditions of the Republic of Mordovia. By the rhythm of flowering, the peony is thin-leaved - a spring-flowering plant. Flowering begins in mid-May and lasts an average of only 6 days. The longest is the fruiting phase (30-42 days). The timing of the onset and passage of individual phases depends on the weather during the growing season. The height of the plants, depending on the conditions of the year, ranged from 35 to 48 cm (43±2 cm), and the diameter of the flowers was 55-90 mm (72±5 mm) with the number of petals from 7 to 11. Under the conditions of Mordovia, over 11 years of observation, P. tenuifolia plants were fruited with the formation of seeds only 8 times (73%), due to the lack of pollination of flowers during inclement weather. The number of seeds in the fruits was small - 3-5 pcs./fruit. When sown, they had good germination (88-90%). Peony thin-leaved in the republic is unpretentious and promising for mass introduction using in landscape design.

The article presents the results of the introduction study of 30 cultivars of the Narcissus x hybridus hort. collection of the Cheboksary branch of the MBG RAS for the purpose of determining the most promising for complex of biological features and adaptive capabilities during introduction in the soil and climatic conditions of the Middle Volga region. The potential possibilities of cultivars as an object for landscaping has been investigated. The assessment of decorative and economically useful features has been carried out. As a result of a comparative cultivar assessment 10 promising cultivars recommended for replenishing the zonal assortment were identified.

With the chromatography-mass spectrometric method we specified the qualitative and quantitative content of terpene components of hexane extracts of plants of Artemisia balchanorum Krasch species in all phases of vegetation with the distribution of components according to the degree of cyclization and the determination of their group quantitative characteristics. The main terpene components of the extracts are six substances that belong to acyclic monoterpenes: linolool, geranal (a-citral), neral (b-citral), geraniol, geranyl acetate. The content of linalool in the phases of vegetation corresponds to 5.62%, 13.27%, 1.73%, 12.55%; for neral, the content is on the same level - 4.68%, 4.44%, 7.24%, 6.26%; geraniola - 11.46%, 2.40%, 4.41%, 13.14%; geranial - 6.73%, 6.33%, 17.02%, 10.61%; geranyl acetate - 12.80%, 5.18%, 11.38%, 2.81%. Among the valuable minor components, 1,8-cineol stands out with an amount during the growing season - 0.41%; 0.36%; 0.18% and 0.85%. A promising period for the collection of plant raw materials for production purposes is the period of mass flowering when the highest content of valuable components of the essential oil of a- and b-citrals is observed.

The subject of the study is the seed productivity and germination of achenes of the ornamental and medicinal plant Calendula officinalis L. The object of the study was 14 cultivars of C. officinalis L. The study used traditional methods for researching the characteristics of seed propagation, phenological studies. Some aspects of seed productivity and the influence of heterocarpy on the sowing qualities of achenes of the studied cultivars of C. officinalis L are considered. The period of phases of mass flowering and seed ripening in the conditions of the southern taiga of Western Siberia is established. The percentage ratio of the formation of different fractions of C. officinalis L. seeds was determined. Variety specificity was established in terms of the mass of achenes of various fractions. As a result of the study, cultivars of C. officinalis L. with a high potential for generative reproduction in terms of seed productivity and viability of achenes were identified.

The effect of savory essential oil on the functioning of the cardiovascular system of 353 women aged 60-90 years with different levels of systolic blood pressure was studied. The subjects were divided into a control group (conducted a session of relaxation psychotherapy) and an experimental group (a session of relaxation psychotherapy in combination with aromatherapy with savory essential oil, concentration - 1 mg/ m³ of air). The duration of sessions is 10, 20 and 30 minutes. Before and after the sessions, the subjects were measured systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and determined: pulse blood pressure, stroke volume of the heart, cardiac output, total peripheral vascular resistance, Robinson index, Kerdo index, coefficient of efficiency of blood circulation. It was found that inhalation of savory essential oil against the background of psychorelaxation at all exposure durations led to a statistically significant decrease in systolic and pulse blood pressure in those subjects who initially had their elevated values; and heart rate, Robinson index, coefficient of efficiency of blood circulation statistically significantly decreased regardless of the initial level of systolic blood pressure of the subjects. Thus, the essential oil of savory garden can be used in a set of measures to optimize the circulatory function of elderly women at all levels of blood pressure.

The article presents the results of the introduction of plants of the Polypodiophyta department in the greenhouses of the Polar Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute - the only botanical garden in Russia located beyond the Arctic Circle (Kirovsk, Murmansk region). The conditions for growing plants in the greenhouses of the Garden are described. The collection contains 23 samples of spore plants belonging to 19 species of 13 genera of 10 families. The taxonomic composition of the studied plants is presented. The results of the geographical analysis of plants and types of morphological structure of their vegetative sphere are presented.

The article presents the results of studying the seasonal growth of J. excelsa shoots in connection with the peculiarities of the weather and orographic conditions of growth. It has been established that the growth of juniper vegetative organs is most significantly affected by the amount of precipitation in the period from February to June. The maximum growth of shoots was noted in 2021, which was characterized by an increased amount of precipitation. In the western part of the plantations of the Crimean Mountains, the annual increase is higher in comparison with the central and eastern ones. The degree of influence of orographic factors is determined. It has been established that the strength of the influence of the height of the place of growth is 43%; in dry years, the intensity of the influence of this factor decreases. The relationship between the annual increase in shoots of J. excelsa and the indicators of soil conditions and slope exposure was revealed. On slopes with eastern and southwestern exposures, the increase is higher compared to other exposures.

The vertical distribution (altitudes at 0.1; 0.3; 0.6; 0.9; 1.2 and 1,5 m above mean sea level - MSL) of Cyanobacteria in the supralittoral zone of the Cape Choban-Basty (Meganom Peninsula) was characterized. A total of 14 species of Cyanobacteria have been recorded; their number at various altitudes varied from 4 to 8 (minimal at 0.9 m above MSL). As for the systematic composition, species of the Oscillatoriophycidae subclass were found on the entire range of altitudes. The high contribution of representatives of the Synechococcophycidae subclass was noted at altitudes of 1.2 and 1.5m MSL. The orders Chroococcales and Pleurocapsales were dominant at 0.9 m MSL; and the order Nostocales - at 1.2 m and 1.5m MSL. Among the families, Hyellaceae, Rivulariaceae, Merismopediaceae и Heteroleibleiniaceae family was observed at all altitudes. The genera Gloeocapsopsis , Calothrix, Aphanocapsa и Chroococcus (with a low contribution) have been recorded at almost all altitudes. According to the substrate confinement, the noted microphytes belonged to the attached ones; benthic mesosaprobiont marine species predominated in the entire surveyed range of altitudes. Brackish-marine (except 0.9 m above sea level) and freshwater-brackish (except 0.1 m above sea level) species were noted almost all over the range, while only one freshwater species was recorded at 0.1 m MSL. Species with cosmopolitan, boreal and boreal-tropical distribution predominated at all altitudes. The share of the latter was the highest at 1.5 m MSL. The features of the vertical distribution of Cyanobacteria emphasize the specificity of the environmental conditions of the supralittoral biotope.

The article presents the results of water regime and drought resistance characteristics study of 6 Prunus armeniaca Lam cultivars’ leaves of various origins. There were identified the genotypes with the highest adaptive ability to hydrothermal stress, which have increased adaptability and the ability to carry out physiological and biochemical processes under the conditions of the maximum summer season dry factors influence on the Southern Coast of the Crimea - 'Nagycorosi Orias', 'Professor Smykov', 'Kazachok'. Cultivar 'Hurmai' demonstrated labile resistance; 'Krymsky Amur' showed instability of water regime indicators, as well as relatively weak resistance to high temperatures and lack of moisture. It was shown that under conditions of summer moisture deficiency the integrity of cell membranes of drought-resistant cultivars 'Professor Smykov' and 'Kazachok' was higher than of the weakly resistant ' Krymsky Amur' and 'Alupkinsky'.

The paper presents the results of study some processes of growth and development of a valuable ornamental and medicinal plant from the family Onagraceae Oenothera missouriensis (Sims) Spach, naturally growing in the south of the central part of North America and introduced to the Southern Coast of the Crimea. The features of the formation of male generative structures are established, the diversity of the formed microspore tetrads is shown. The presence of the majority of morphologically normal pollen grains that form in this region indicates a possible effective process of pollination and the use of this species as an ornamental and medicinal plant.

Modern agriculture in Russia, including fruit growing, requires the improvement of their management systems based on scientific and technological progress. Modern fruit growers face the following tasks: selection and variety study of plants, taking into account the complexity of their relationship with the environment in development; formalization of complexly organized biological systems of their behavior in changing environmental conditions in quantitative terms in the context of ontogenesis phases; optimization of biological productivity systems based on computer simulation. In this paper, on the example of two pear cultivars - Kieffer (lower frost resistance) and Leven (increased frost resistance) - in the conditions of the Krasnodar Region, the patterns of manifestation of their genetically determined properties in the phenotype are considered when environmental conditions change over a long 34-year period. The monitoring of the forecast of the development phases of the studied pear cultivars under the conditions of climate change was carried out, which makes it possible to select the most adaptive varieties to specific environmental conditions. Recommendations are given on the selection of sources to increase the frost resistance of cultivars not in terms of general quality indicators, but in terms of their resistance to frost in specific development phases. Digital maps of the dynamics of changes in the suitability of temperature conditions in the winter-spring period for the studied pear cultivars have been developed. Digital ecological maps of the suitability of the territories of the Krasnodar Region in the context of 45 districts for the analyzed cultivars, taking into account climate change, have been built, allowing you to manage plant productivity in new climatic conditions based on their rational distribution.

In the Crimea, the industrial cultivation of pears is limited by the action of various stress factors. One of the reasons affecting the productivity indicators of this crop is the unsatisfactory resistance of cultivars to air and soil moisture. The article presents a comparative analysis of drought resistance of 34 cultivars and forms of pear breeding of the Crimean Experimental Horticulture Station and the FSFIS "NBG-NSC". The studies were carried out in laboratory conditions according to generally accepted methods. Based on the data obtained, cultivars and forms with high indicators of drought resistance were identified: Diva, 69-50, 169-42, 111-59, 9-46, 17-53, 130-71, 125-21, 107-18. These cultivars and forms have a high water-holding capacity and rapid restoration of turgor by leaves. The selected cultivars and promising forms of pears can be used in breeding programs to create new drought-resistant cultivars, as well as industrial cultivation of plantings in the Crimea and other southern zones of the country.

The article presents the data of many years of research to determine the complex of effective biological control measures, including entomophages, which made it possible to protect ornamental plants from the main pests in the greenhouses of the garden. A table has been compiled indicating the main types of entomophages that have successfully passed experimental tests in the greenhouses of the garden. It is indicated against which pests they are used and the method of their application. The biological system also includes some biological preparations, in particular, promising preparations of entomopathogenic nematodes, entomopathogenic symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus spp., strains of fungi Lecanicillium muscarium , Beauveria bassiana . The introduction of the developed biologized system made it possible to increase the environmental friendliness of protective measures and to refuse forced breaks in conducting excursions for garden visitors after pesticide treatments that were previously necessary.

The article presents an original methodology for collecting and processing mycological information on arboreal plants. Symbiotrophic fungi on arboreal plants are distributed into 18 ecological niches, which are organs and parts of a plant. For each type of fungus, 6 main parameters are fixed, which determine its location in an ecological niche: ecotope, the age of the plant, its condition, the size of the substrate, as well as the intensity and prevalence of the fungus on a tree. Each fungus occurrence is displayed on a schematic drawing of the tree morphological structure, which is the basis for constructing a mycological model. Taking into account the ecological niches and parameters of fungi that are fixed, it is possible to obtain from 100 to 120 units of mycological information on the biology and ecology of fungi on one tree. An algorithm for processing mycological information is proposed and examples of compiling mycological models are given.

In the formation of the crop yield, a special place is occupied by high-quality seed and planting material. It is known that phytopathogenic fungi occupy the first place in causing damage in crop production and seed production of vegetable crops. The problem of contamination of seed products Fusarium sp . and Alternaria sp , as well as other moldy fungi, is acute all over the world. Objective: To identify the pathocomplex of micromycetes present on table beet seeds in vitro using four different nutrient media. As a result of in vitro studies conducted on different nutrient media, it was revealed: sample No. 136 on beer agar 100% prevalence of pathogens pp. Alternaria, Fusarium, Mucor, Aspergillus - 34.2%, Pythium - 32.1%, Acremonium - 21.4%. On the medium of Chapec Alternaria - 72.1%, Fusarium - 52.4, Aspergillus - 21.3, Pythium - 21.7, Cladosporium -24.2%. According to line No. 139, Alternaria prevails 100% on beer agar and bacteriosis is present 22.7%. On the medium of Chapec Alternaria - 100%, Aspergillus - 54.6. It was revealed that the mycelium growth on average during the experiment ranged from 0.5 on hungry agar to 4.4 on beer medium. The optimal nutrient media for identification are the Chapek medium and the medium prepared from beer wort.

The state of the phytocenosis of the grass lawn and the fulfillment of the tasks assigned to it for the improvement of the urban environment largely depends on the characteristics of the soil used for its laying. The soil should have properties described by a set of such agrochemical and microbiological indicators that allow creating optimal conditions for the formation of dense herbage and maintaining the stability of phytocenosis over time, which was the objective of this study. The results of the assessment of the state of the soil-biotic complex of the soil prepared on the basis of the upper humus layer of podzolized heavy loamy and top peat in the ratio of volume 60:40, the content of organic matter, mobile compounds of phosphorus and potassium, mineral forms of nitrogen and the reaction of the medium, as well as the activity of catalase, invertase, cellulolytic activity and respiration are presented soils, in dynamics for 2017-2019. The microfield experiment, 3-fold repetition, plot area of 1 m², was laid at the experimental site of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy. Phytocenosis in the year of the creation of the soil is represented by white mustard used for siderate, and in subsequent years - by perennial grasses. It has been established that the fertility of the soil and the activity of enzymes that promote the decomposition of fiber significantly increase, starting from the first year of lawn maintenance, practically unchanged thereafter. A significant increase in the activity of catalase and invertase, as well as the release of CO2 occurs after two years of lawn maintenance under the herbage. The yield of aboveground grass phytomass for an average of 3 years was estimated at 17.34 tons of aboveground green phytomass or 3.45 tons of fodder units per 1 hectare of area.