The article presents the results of studying the peculiarities of the relationship between the yields of new promising strawberry cultivars with environmental factors limiting their cultivation in the Crimea. Based on long-term observations, the correlation dependence of yield on both bio- and abiotic environmental factors was determined. High correlation coefficients (from 0.63 and higher) show a significant influence of climatic factors (minimum and maximum temperatures during flowering, average daily air temperature during ripening, the amount of precipitation during berry ripening) on economically valuable traits, including the yield of strawberry plants. In order to predict the variability of yield when growing plants in various agro-climatic zones, multiple regression equations are constructed, on the basis of which the dependence of this feature on the influence of the studied factors is determined. It was revealed that for the breeding process for yield, the most significant factors are the average daily, maximum and minimum air temperatures during the flowering period, the duration of flowering, the amount of precipitation in May, drought resistance, resistance to spotting, gray rot of berries. The coefficients of multiple regression and coefficients of multiple determination of new strawberry cultivars are determined. In ‘Aidarina’ cultivar, the multiple regression coefficient was R = 0.99, the multiple determination coefficient R2 = 0.98; ‘Zarina’ - 0.95 and 0.90, respectively; ‘Sanika’ - 0.99 and 0.98; ‘Efsane’ - 0.99 and 0.98; ‘Assol’ - 0.95 and 0.90. Calculations of regression coefficients make it possible to predict the yield of certain strawberry genotypes due to a combination with their biological characteristics and environmental factors. This makes it possible to increase the efficiency of plantings of this crop, expand the area of its cultivation in new areas, and also apply the results when choosing the initial forms in order to create cultivars with a given trait.

Many modem Russian cultivars of Nanking cherries are derived from hybrids of Prunus tomentosa Thunb. x P. pumila L. Such hybrids are distinguished by improved fmit characteristics. Also, hybridization with P. ulmifolia Franch., made it possible to endow plants with unique fruit qualities. In the groups of horticultural specialists, for greater recognition, hybrids with P. ulmifolia are called aflocerasus or luiseras. In the scientific literature, information on the economic evaluation of such hybrids is insufficient to understand their value in comparison with the main cultivars of Nanking cherries. At the Chelyabinsk State variety testing site in 2011, the experience of variety testing of Nanking cherries was laid. The form ‘GD 8-30’ is a seedling of free pollination in the plantations of Nanking cherry from the hybrid P. tomentosa x P. ulmifolia. As a control, the Nanking cherry cultivar ‘Alice’ was used, as well as forms that differ in the most characteristic feature for the hybrids P. tomentosa x P. pumila - the dark color of the fruit. The form ‘GD 8-30’ over the years of observations exceeded the yield by almost two times the control cultivar, also has larger attractive fruits, but the taste is inferior to other presented forms and cultivars. The form ‘GD 8-30’ is of interest as a donor of valuable traits in the breeding of Nanking cherries, which still has the main drawback - low taste qualities. For the successful production of seedlings, the selection of conditions for the stratification of seeds is required.

The results of the assessment of the total content of dry matters, carbohydrates and vitamin C in the fruits of the common apricot of promising forms grown under equal conditions at the Tsudakhar experimental base of the Mountain Botanical Garden are presented, the Armenian variety Shalakh and Krymskiy Medunets were taken as control varieties. Analysis of the data obtained revealed variability in all indicators. It has been established that the content of dry matter in Dagestan samples is on average higher than in control varieties and ranges from 15.7 % (Goorskiy) to 24.1 % (Khibil bakvaleb). The total sugar content ranges from 16.4 % (Goorskiy) to 24.8 % (Khutail), with more sucrose than other sugars. Fructose in the Dagestan samples contains more than in the fruits of the control varieties: from 3.9 % (Goorskiy) to 6.0 % (Khibil bakvaleb). The content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the fruits of Dagestan apricot samples ranges from 7.0 mg/l00g (Goorskiy) to 18.0 mg/l00g (Dzamaludinil).

The research was carried out in the experimental apple orchard of the Institute "Agrotechnological Academy" in the period from 2010 to 2020 on 27 apple cultivar.

When determining the degree of adaptability of the variety to local growing conditions, it is necessary to take into account: the activation temperature of plant development, initiating the beginning of vegetation, the sum of temperatures above IO C required for the passage of phenological phases until the beginning or completion of leaf fall. Excess amounts of temperature activating vegetation can have a negative effect on the realization of the biological potential of productivity due to disruption of the normal cycle of plant development and its individual organs. Cultivars of local breeding, or obtained in areas with approximately similar climatic conditions, are less stressed by excess or lack of temperature sums in specific agro -climatic areas that activate the processes of plant vegetation.

The article presents the results of the study of clonal peach rootstocks in the nursery. The issues of growing rooted standard cuttings from lignified cuttings are considered. The optimal periods to prune cuttings and to plant them in breeding ridges were determined. The influence on the survival rate of cuttings and the yield of standard seedlings with biometric parameters of the source material during lignified cuttings was revealed. The objective of the research is to identity the most effective methods for increasing the degree of rooting of lignified cuttings. On the basis of the obtained data, preliminary conclusions were made about the need to use for planting lignified cuttings of peach rootstocks Kuban 2, Kuban 86, BBA 1 with a thickness of at least 6-10 mm, a length of 20-25 cm, taken from the lower part of the shoot. Cutting and planting is recommended to do in late October, early November. The optimal concentration is 75 mg/l. Exposure is at least 8 hours. Pre-planting treatment with β-indolebutyric acid is carried out during the period of stratification before the formation of a circular callus. The survival rate of lignified cuttings of peach rootstocks is 40-68% over the years of study. This method is most effective when rooting Kuban 86. Therefore, we can conclude that this method can be used as an additional to green cuttings. The use of a peach rooting and rootstock cuttings growth stimulator «Charkor» is not very effective.

The study was carried out in the collection of introduced woody plants of the Polar Alpine Botanical Garden-Institute. The objects of study were 430 samples of 255 taxa of introduced woody plants. The features of flowering of woody deciduous plants are determined, consisting in the regularity, timing and duration of flowering, the duration of the prefloral period. Vegetation begins early, specimens with a short vegetation period predominate. The predominant number of analyzed plants blooms, 65.3% of deciduous introduced plants were classified as irregular bloomers. A short prefloral period was noted for wind pollinated and early flowering accessions. A long prefloral period is observed in flowering species in the second half of summer. Most plants are characterized by a prefloral period of medium duration. The mass onset of flowering in introduced trees and shrubs was noted from the second decade of June to the first decade of July. Most flowering plants are characterized by an abundance of flowering from medium to very abundant. In 78% of plants, the phenophase “beginning of leaf opening” is observed in the second half of May. Autumn foliage color is fixed from August 3 to October 14. Leaf fall takes place from September 5 to October 23. The duration of foliage is on average 130 days. Leaf fall takes place from September 5 to October 23. The duration of foliage is on average 130 days. Leaf fall takes place from September 5 to October 23. The duration of foliage is on average 130 days.

The composition of coniferous species in the Botanical Garden of the KBSU is represented by families Taxaceae, Pinaceae, Cupressaceae; the species and quantitative composition has been studied. Original data on the condition of plantations and the degree of adaptation of introduced species have been obtained. In the conditions of Nalchik, in particular in the Botanical Garden, the studied introduced species are characterized by a good and complete degree of acclimatization. According to the results of assessment of the vital state of coniferous species growing in the studied area, it follows that 85% of the surveyed trees and shrubs belong to the category "healthy". About 12 % of trees and bushes have various types of damages, leading to weakening of vital state ("weakened" and "severely weakened"), representatives of Pinus pallasiana D. Don, P. sylvestris L., Picea pungens Engelm., only 2% of plants are classified as "drying-out". According to the results of decorative effect assessment the introductions in the botanical garden are divided into 3 groups. The high degree of decorativeness is distinguished by representatives of the Thuja occidentalis L. f. «Smaragd», Juniperus sabina L., Taxus baccata L., Picea orientalis (L.) Link, P. pungens Engelm., P. pungens f. glauca (Regel) Beissn

The article analyzes for the first time the results of a study of the morphobiological characteristics of growth and development, flowering, vegetative reproduction of Anthericum liliago - lily corolla (genus Anthericum L., family Asphodelaceae Juss.), cultivated in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. Shortened ontogeny was studied and it was found that the duration of the pregenerative period in A. liliago during vegetative propagation of ramets with one renewal bud is short and amounts to two years. In the third year, the individual enters the generative period and forms from three to five generative shoots. The studied species goes through all the phenophases of development from regrowth to fruiting, during the growing season of 154-173 days. According to the phenorhythmotype, A. liliago belongs to long-term vegetative summer-autumn-blooming wintering short-rhizome geophytes. With long-term cultivation, the adaptive potential of A. liliago is stable, with an assessment of the success of introduction of 9.5 points. Good vegetative propagation expands the possibility of using rare and rare short-rhizome wintering plants in ornamental floriculture, such as A. liliago, in the forest- steppe zone of Western Siberia.

The results of the study of the flora of higher vascular plants carried out on the altitudinal profile laid down behind the southern macroslope of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains using geobotaiucal descriptions are presented. The profile revealed 163 species assigned to tt6 genera and 48 families. The systematic, arealogical and biomorphological structure of the flora has been analyzed, the antecological spectrum and methods of seed distribution have been considered.

Two populations of Gelasia villosa Cass., the type species of the genus Gelasia Cass., found in the vicinity of Sevastopol. The genus Gelasia is a new one for the Crimean flora, and G. villosa is a new species for the flora of Eastern Europe. A morphological description of the Crimean specimens has been made, ft has been established that their morphological features correspond to the characteristics of the subspecies G. villosa subsp. columnae (Guss.) Bartolucci, Galasso et F. Conti, native for Southern ttaly. ft is noted that it has completely naturalized in the Sevastopol region, and now is one of the dominants of steppe communities at the "terra rossa" outcrops. A comparison of the floristic composition of communities with the participation of G. villosa in the Crimea, on the northeastern coast of the Adriatic Sea (order Scorzoneretalia villosa) and in the south of the Apemune Peninsula (alliance Hippocrepido glaucae-Stipion austroitalicae) showed their significant similarity. The problem of the Crimean populations of G. villosa origin is discussed, and an assumption is made about its alien character.

The paper presents the results of studying the processes of development of male and female generative structures of one of the species of the Asparagaceae family - Scilla bifolia L. It is shown that the microsporangium wall develops according to the monocotyledonous type and consists of epidermis, endothecium, middle layer consisting of two layers of cells, and tapetum. Sporogenic tissue is represented by two or three rows of cells, tetrads of microspores are formed successively. Pollen grains are two-celled. The gynaeceum consists of a single pistil with an upper trilocular ovary. The ovule is anatropic, crassinucellate, bitegmal, medionucellate, funicular. The micropyle is formed by an internal integument, which, growing, forms an operculum in the apical part, and the external integument forms a caruncle, or arilloid. The germ sac is octonucleate, 7-celled, synergids with a filamentous apparatus, have small beak-like outgrowths. The egg cell is somewhat rounded, elongated, with a typical arrangement of cytoplasm, nucleus and vacuole. Scilla bifolia is pollinated by insects, which are attracted by the pleasant aroma and bright color of the perianth. The endosperm is helobious. The fruit is a spherical-three- lobed, trilocular box with brownish seeds. It is propagated by seeds and vegetatively, the type of seed gennination is underground.

Catnip {Nepeta cataria L.) is one of the actively studied essential oil plants. The ability to synthesize terpenoids and accumulate essential oil is genetically fixed in such plants. Revealing the stages of ontogeny of the epidermis of the leaf blade, where essential oil glands and other trichomes are formed, seems to be of interest for scientific and practical problems. The objective of the work is to study the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the cotyledons, the first true leaf and the fully formed leaf blade of N. cataria in a comparative aspect. The plant is cultivated in the Botanical Garden of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Morphological and anatomical studies were carried out in accordance with Russian State Pharmacopoeia. Anatomical diagnostic features of the epidermis of the cotyledon and the first true leaf are described on micropreparations from the surface. The sequence of formation of trichomes on the epidermis of the leaf blade was revealed. It has been established that secretory structures are already present on the epidermis of the cotyledons, which are fixed on the adult leaf blade in the form of a rounded essential oil gland. It has been established that drops of essential oil in the cells of essential oil glands appear only on a fully formed leaf blade.

The prospectivity for the introduction of 18 species of medicinal plants of North American origin into the conditions of the southern taiga subzone of the Middle Urals, as well as its relationship with the ecological and biological characteristics of the species (using statistical analysis), were studied. Species that grow in natural conditions only on the American continent and species that have spread as alien beyond its borders do not differ sigiuficantly in terms of introduction prospects and its constituent indicators. Species rising into the mountain- forest belt, as well as occurring up to the subalpine belt, are characterized by higher winter hardiness compared to the plain species. A more intensive vegetative propagation of cryptophytes was noted, compared with hemicryptophytes. Winter-green species are characterized by a higher intensity of seed reproduction compared to spring-summer-autumn-green ones, and in species with an early start of vegetation winter hardiness of plants is also increased. Most of the species (13 out of 18) are non-invasive: three species that actively go beyond the plots, but do not leave the territory of the collection plot (Grindelia hirsutula, Helianthus tuberosus, Oenothera biennis) are potentially invasive, but Solidago canadensis and S. gigantea are able to invade into natural commuiuties in the Botarucal Garden.

To date, more than 10,000 species of fungi associated with plants have been identified. A convincing proof of this is the widespread spread of fungal diseases on garden carrots at all stages of plant development. Seedlings of Daucus carota L. are affected by pathogens of the genus Fusarium, causing a disease called "black leg", which leads to the death of infected seedlings. Adult plants are damaged by brown leaf spotting (pathogen Alternaria dauci (Kulm), Grovers & Skolko), which contributes to premature death of the tops, which makes it difficult to use mechanization tools when harvesting root crops. With a high degree of plant damage in the root crops of garden carrots, the content of carotene decreases by 24% and sugars by 31%. The degree of altemariasis spread by the end of the growing season reaches 90-100%. These diseases of carrots are the most coimnon and harmful in the Russian Federation and in the world. The creation of new highly productive and pathogen-resistant cultivars and hybrids of carrots is complicated by the fact that the signs of resistance to fungi of the genera Altemaria and Fusarium in garden carrots are controlled polygenically. Based on the above, the objective of the research was: to identify the interaction of factors during field and laboratory experiments on varietal populations of garden carrots to pathogens of the genera Fusarium and Altemaria. Correlation analysis revealed the conjugacy of field and laboratory experiments. So between mutual fund (A. dauci) and mutual fund (A. radicina) - (r=0.69); Mutual fund (A. dauci) and mutual fund (Fusarium) - (r=0.65). When calculating the correlation between laboratory and field experiments, a high correlation was revealed between the field experiment conducted on the Mutual fund (A. radicina) and the infection of carrot seeds with filtrate culture liquid (mycotoxin) in laboratory conditions - (r=0.78). There is also a high correlation between the mutual fund (Fusarium) and infection of carrot seedlings in the laboratory - (r=0.75). A medium-susceptible group of cultivars of garden carrots has been identified, these are Vitamin 6, Losinoostrovskaya 13, Leander, Nuance, Queen of Autumn, Topaz FI, Star FI, Color FI, Irkut Fl.

This work reflects the actual problem of obtaining crops in arid and sharply continental conditions in the field of growing melons on non-irrigated soil. Due to the low amount of precipitation in the spring-summer period, starting from the germination phase and up to the harvest, the quality indicators of the grown fruits are also lost. The author has set a goal - to increase productivity and biochemical parameters, through the use of modem drags - growth regulators. The main goal was to obtain comparative results of using regulators separately for soaking seeds and separately for double foliar treatment of plants. The study was conducted in the conditions of the branch of the FSFI FSCV "Bykovskaya melon-breeding experimental station". The increase in the yield of melons is achieved through the use of a number of agrotechnical techniques: snow retention, deep plowing for winter, timely processing and harvesting speed, as well as anti-erosion measures. The problem of unstable harvests has become possible to solve with the help of special biological preparations. These drugs have low toxicity to the consumer and a small dosage when used, as well as the ability to help farmers even in the zone of risky farming. We have studied and introduced into the technology of growing melons in conditions of non- irrigated nutrition preparations that regulate the growth and development of plants on an organic basis [1, 2, 3]. Special attention was paid to growth regulators when growing melons in rain-fed conditions. The preparations were used for various treatments: seeds before sowing, to study the effect on germination, growth strength and germination energy, as well as for double foliar treatment of plants during the weaving phase and before their closure in the aisle. The use of these regulators contributes to increasing competitiveness by increasing quality indicators, such as yield and biochemistry of fruits. Studies have shown that potassium humate during two subsequent plant treatments for vegetation showed the best result in yield and amounted to 9.3 tons per hectare. The article also pays attention to the biochemical composition of melon fruits.

Strawberry is a well-known and widespread berry crop in the world. An alternative to traditional vegetative propagation is the in vitro propagation. The features of morphogenesis and preservation of the strawberry plants cv. ‘Krymchanka 87’ for 12 months have been studied. The optimal concentrations of BAP in the MS culture medium during in vitro cultivation were determined. A high frequency of shoot development on a medium with 0.5-0.75 mg/1 BAP was noted. The optimal deposition temperature of strawberry explants has been established, promoting to the preservation of viability (99%) and a decrease in growth kinetics for 12 months.