The studies were carried out in natural populations of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. in the Mountainous Crimea. Using forest taxation methods, 15 trial areas were laid within the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains. On each trial area there were 10 model trees allocated to conduct phenological observations of the pollen regime of the J. excelsa forest plantations. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that in 2024 there was a significant change in the timing of the beginning of pollen release of J. excelsa. The geographical differentiation of pollen dispersion has been revealed, in the central part of the distribution of J. excelsa on the southern macroslope of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains at Cape Martyan, Cape Sarych and Mount Koshka, the earliest pollen flight was noted. The early onset of pollen release and unstable weather in late winter – early spring 2024 contributed to a noticeable increase in the duration of the J. excelsa pollen flight period. In the marginal territories of the eastern part of the J. excelsa range, the pollen release phase was observed 2 weeks later. It is shown that the phenological development of the male reproductive sphere in the eastern part of the J. excelsa plantings is adapted to low temperatures. This determines the specifics of the pollen regime of the eastern part of the plantations, reduces the possibility of exchanging genetic information with the central and western areas and can contribute to the development of populations resistant to low temperatures. The pollen regime of J. excelsa depends on orographic conditions. With an increase in the height of the growing area above sea level, the beginning of pollen release occurs later, its duration increases.

A comprehensive assessment of the seasonal dynamics of average daily indicators of carbon dioxide exchange in Juniperus excelsa on the Southern Coast of Crimea during the growing season and with different moisture availability was carried out. A correlation dependence of daily CO2 absorption with the daily light integral and soil moisture was determined. A tendency towards a decrease in the amount of CO2 absorption and a disruption of the balance between photo- and dark respiration in the summer months due to an increase in water deficit and air temperatures was revealed. Optimum values of the ratio between dark and photorespiration were obtained, which can be used as an indicator of the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of J. excelsa needles. It was found that as soil moisture decreases from 65% of the minimum soil moisture capacity, a gradual decrease in daily CO2 absorption, an increase in the share of respiratory costs from gross photosynthesis, and a decrease in the respiration of J. excelsa needles occur.

The productivity of Ribes nigrum L. and Fragaria ananassa Duch. in the southern forest-steppe zone of Bashkortostan depends on climatic conditions. Spring frosts during the flowering phase reduce yield. In 2023, temperatures as low as -3.7 °C in the first decade of May damaged up to 45% of flowers. In April 2024, the average daily temperature increased to +11.7...+12.9 °C, accelerating the start of flowering. Frosts down to -7 °C, combined with 16.5 mm of precipitation in May, damaged 13 to 100% of R. nigrum flowers, reducing yield to 16.6-39.8 dt/ha, and Fr. ananassa to 14.0-30.1 dt/ha. Frost resistance was noted in R. nigrum cultivars (Bobrovaya, Iremel, and Kushnarenkovskaya) and Fr. ananassa cultivars (Elsanta and Asia).

Recent studies have shown that the productivity levels of agricultural plants are determined mainly by the effects of their interaction with the environment. Therefore, the task of breeding perennial fruit crops includes the creation of new cultivars in anticipation of the negative impact of its global change on fruiting. Work was carried out to identify sources and donors of adaptability systems of fruit crop cultivars (using apricot as an example) to low temperatures of the winter-spring period for specific development phases, considering climate fluctuations, for the breeding process. Their response to manifestations of temperature stresses was studied over a long period of years (1985-2024) in various zones of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic. Graphic models of the "genotypeenvironment" interaction were developed, which made it possible to identify development phases in specific cultivars that have increased resistance to low-temperature stress. Reserves for increasing the productivity of cultivars for specific development phases were identified. As a result, a new approach to increasing the effectiveness of the breeding process was proposed, considering global climate change (phase selection).

Cherry plum is one of the most perishable fruit species, and its fruits are a valuable food product for humans. The flesh of cherry plum fruits is very juicy, fragrant, tasty, nutritious and easily digested. The fruits are used both fresh and for industrial processing. Cherry plum is a potentially highly productive fruit species with stable fruiting. Such features as the period, duration and degree of flowering largely determine the yield of cherry plum. The process of development of flower buds depends more on weather conditions and the characteristics of a cultivar. The article presents the results of studying the timing, duration of flowering and yield of 26 breeding forms of cherry plum of the NBG’s breeding. The purpose of the experiments was to select late-flowering, highyielding forms for their further inclusion in hybridization and introduction into production. As a result of research, two breeding forms with very late flowering dates 11/12 and 16/14 and three samples – 7-1/24, 90-249 and 9/18 with higher yields were identified among early maturing plants. Among the forms of the average ripening period, four genotypes with a higher score of flower bud laying and the degree of flowering were noted – 12/26, 99-74, 90-213, 15/30; Six breeding forms were selected with a yield higher than the control cultivar: 12/26, 99-74, 90-213, 90-54, 99-14 and 15/30. In the late ripening group, three forms were identified – 8/27, 99-18, 9-0/13 with a late on set of flowering. The breeding form 12/26– 27.65 kg/m2 was selected with a higher crown productivity coefficient. Four breeding forms 99-74, 99- 14, 93-113, 12/26 with a high coefficient of leaf productivity were noted. According to the set of productivity indicators, the breeding form 12/26 is al located.

Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802) (woolly apple aphid) is one of the most common pests of fruit crops around the world, native to North America. It primarily affects representatives of the Rosaceae family, causing significant damage to them: it weakens vital functions, provokes the development of deformations and a greater likelihood of the spread of mold fungi, including increasing the risk of penetration of putrefactive bacteria into plant tissue. To combat insect pests, chemical insecticides are still used today, and natural enemies of woolly apple aphids are also used. However, if the former cause significant harm to the environment as a whole, negatively affecting biodiversity, then the latter do little to cope with the decrease in the number of E. lanigerum. The goal of our research was to develop a DNA insecticide based on mitochondrial rRNA to control the number of woolly apple aphids Eriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann, 1802). This article examines the effectiveness of the developed DNA insecticide Eriola-11 based on the degradation of the target 16S ribosomal RNA. This “genetic zipper” method has many positive features, such as safety for non-target organisms, biodegradability and high efficiency. During the study, single and double treatment of woolly apple aphid with the DNA insecticide Eriola-11 was carried out, as well as recording the number of dead individuals. Treatment with DNA insecticide against adult E. lanigerum showed positive results. The biological effectiveness of the insecticide was 68.0 ± 0.85% after a single treatment, and 85.3 ± 1.52% after a double treatment on the 14th day.

The article presents the results of a comparative study of the component composition of essential oil and phenolic compounds in an alcoholic extract, CO2 extract and meal after CO2 extraction of the Saturea montana L. (mountain savory) cv. ʹKrymsky Izumrudʹ bred in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. CO2 extraction was carried out by fluid supercritical extraction, the components of the essential oil and phenolic compounds were identified by chromatographic (HPLC and GLC) methods. It was revealed that the major components are: essential oil - carvacrol (54.6%); phenolic compounds (in 70% water-ethanol extract) - rosmarinic acid (162.7 mg/100 g), carvacrol (109.9 mg/100 g) and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (32.2 mg/100 g). The CO2 extract contains only carvacrol in an amount 16 times (2026.0 mg/100 g) greater than its amount in the essential oil and alcohol extract. The meal after CO2 extraction contains a residual amount of carvacrol, and the content of rosmarinic acid and luteolin7-Oglycoside is quite significant, which indicates the need to use a co-solvent - ethyl alcohol - during CO2 extraction to extract these substances from the raw material.

Lavandin (Lavandula × intermedia Emerice ex Loiseleur) is a member of the Lamiaceae family and is an aromatic valuable perennial plant. It is highly valued for the resulting essential oil, which is used in perfumery, cosmetics and the pharmaceutical industry. These essential oil plants can be propagated vegetatively, but the low rooting ability of stem cuttings prevents their wide use. The use of biotechnology methods, such as plant tissue and organ culture, makes it possible to in vitro propagation and preservation valuable genotypes. Our study presents the results of in vitro morphogenetic capacity investigation in three lavandin cultivars (ʹRabatʹ, ʹSnezhnyi Barsʹ, ʹTempʹ). The optimal method of sterilization of the initial explants of the studied cultivars was determined: one minute in 70 % ethanol, 12 minutes in 1 % Thimerosal solution and 15 minutes in DezTab solution, which made it possible to obtain up to 90.2% of viable explants. Features of the induction of explant morphogenesis on the MS culture medium supplemented with cytokinins (BAP or kinetin) and the auxin NAA were revealed. A high ability for adventitious shoot formation on a medium with 1.5 mg/l kinetin and 0.05 mg/l NAA has been shown. It was established that lavandin ʹRabatʹ had a higher in vitro morphogenetic capacity compared to the ʹSnezhnyi Barsʹ and ʹTempʹ cultivars.

Phenolic compounds are widespread secondary metabolites capable of absorbing reactive oxygen species, regulating the activity of various enzymes, cell cycles, DNA and protein functions, lipid peroxidation and possessing proven pharmaceutical significance for humans. Representatives of the genus Arnica (Arnica L.) – Arnica Chamisso (Arnica chamissonis Less.), lanceolate arnica (Arnica lanceolata Nutt.), double arnica (Arnica sororia Greene), soft arnica (Arnica mollis Hook.), long-leaved arnica (Arnica longifolia D.C.Eaton), perennial herbaceous boreal species growing on territories of North America and Europe with antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to the need to search for species containing significant concentrations of phenolic compounds for cultivation and use as medicinal raw materials, a comparative analysis of the content of phenolic compounds in extracts of inflorescences of representatives of the genus Arnica L. cultivated under conditions of introduction in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation was carried out. Based on the conducted research, it is possible to characterize the soft arnica (Arnica mollis Hook.) as a species that is a potential source of phenolic compounds with high pharmaceutical significance, and recommend it for introduction into culture in order to obtain plant material with a high content of biologically active compounds.

Balneotherapy procedures are among the basic methods of sanatorium-health-resort therapy traditionally used in a complex of measures for rehabilitation, treatment, prevention and restoration of disordered functions. To determine the condition of the subjects before and after the course of procedures, testing was performed using the "Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale" (HADS) and the SF-36 life quality questionnaire. Before and after the bathing procedure, subjects of all groups measured systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, heart rate (HR), passed the timed expiratory capacity test and tested on a scale for self-assessment of various conditions using the Dembo-Rubinstein method. The effectiveness of the course of application of baths with marigold hydrolate in a dosage of 0.05% (100 ml) is mainly determined by a decrease in anxiety levels, increased efficiency, vigor and attentiveness. The quality of life is improving in terms of physical and psychological components of health. These effects are significant and noticeable by the end of taking a course of pearl baths with natural marigold hydrolate. The results obtained prove the expediency of improving and correcting the psychoemotional state of people through baths with natural marigold hydrolate in small doses (0.05%) and relatively short courses (5 procedures) and can be recommended for implementation in therapeutic, rehabilitation, wellness programs in sanatorium-health-resort organizations and recreation facilities.

The study of the kinetics of the extraction process is extremely necessary in the technology of processing plant raw materials. The main approaches to the mathematical description of the results obtained are the modeling of mass transfer in accordance with Fick's second law with the calculation of diffusion coefficients and the approximation of kinetic dependencies by equations of the kinetics of a pseudo-reaction of the second order. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is a perennial, essential oil semi-shrub growing all over the world, is a promising source of flavonoids and polyphenolic acids, which determine its therapeutic properties. The aim of the work was to study the kinetics of ultrasonic extraction of biologically active compounds in an aqueous alcohol medium from the herb Thymus vulgaris L. Extracts were obtained by ultrasonic extraction. The total content of polyphenols was determined by reaction with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, flavonoids by complexation reaction with aluminum chloride, the content of chlorogenic, ferulic and benzoic acids by HPLC method. The experimental data are approximated by a second-order reaction equation. The kinetic parameters of the extraction process of the target compounds have been established. The results of the study can be used to optimize the processes of ultrasonic extraction of phytocomponents from herbs of the genus Thymus L. and are used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetology and food industries.

The phenomenon of CMS is widely used in breeding for heterosis for controlled pollination in the production of hybrid seeds. For this purpose, Helianthus annuus L. sterile lines based on the CMS PET1 genotype and fertility restorers carrying the dominant Rf1 allele are used. The nature of variability in pollen fertility in plants of F2 and F3 hybrids obtained from crosses between the VIR 116A line (CMS PET1) and the fertility restorer, VIR 195 was studied. The degree of pollen deficiency (DPD), calculated as the ratio of defective pollen grains to the total number of counted ones (in %), was also estimated, as well as the variability of this indicator within splitting populations. The degree of pollen defectiveness (DPD) was calculated as the ratio of defective pollen grains to the total number of counted ones (in %) and the variability of this indicator in splitting populations was estimated. It was found that plants belonging to phenotypic classes "fertile" can have different DPD indicators. Significant heterogeneity in the F2 population based on pollen quality with a tendency to equalize indicators in F3 was revealed. A decrease in pollen quality was noted in F2 segregants possessing the maternal variant of the STS marker of gene alleles at the Pl5/Pl8 locus. The DPD of plants is most likely determined by the genotype of the plant (sporophyte), and not by the allelic composition of pollen genes (male gametophyte).

An assortment of trees and hardy-shrubs species has been developed to form a sustainable system of green spaces in inhabited localities and tourism and recreational complexes within the coastal zone of Southeastern Crimea. The main assortment consists of 42 taxa (11 conifers and 31 deciduous species), the additional one - 148 species (33 conifers and 115 deciduous). Also additionally 56 cultivars of roses are recommended. The selection of plants took into account the landscape, soil-climatic and urban-ecological diversity of the region's conditions. The species have high heat and drought resistance, relative winter hardiness, the ability to tolerance for sea aerosols, saline and condensed soils. The proposed assortment makes it possible to select species and cultivars of ornamental plants for various types of gardens and parks and can be used by landscape architects, landscapers, and municipal services of the region's municipalities.

The article presents the results of the study of the flora of the Cat Tien National Park (Socialist Republic of Vietnam). The territory of the park is located in the zone of tropical rainforests; 63% of the park surface is occupied by cleared evergreen (with the dominance of species of the genus Lagerstroemia in the upper canopy) and bamboo (Bambusa spinosa Roxb., B. bambos (L.) Voss and Schizostachyum virgatum (Munro) H.B. Naithani & Bennet.) forests. It was revealed that the flora of the park includes 1598 species of higher and spore plants from 753 genera and 173 families. Spore plants (Polypodiophyta, Lycopodiophyta) are represented by 99 species from 55 genera and 25 families. In the spectrum of the leading families, the following are in the lead: Fabaceae (125 species / 8% from the total number of flora species), Orchidaceae (120 / 8%), Rubiaceae (92 / 6%), Poaceae (73 / 5%), Malvaceae (57 / 4%), Phyllantiaceae (45 / 3%), Lamiaceae (45 / 3%), Euphorbiaceae (42 / 3%) и Cyperaceae (41 / 3%). The genera Dendrobium and Ficus are represented by the largest number of species, including 30 and 29 species, respectively. The rare fraction of flora includes 30 species from 17 genera and 11 families. The largest number of rare species are found in the Dipterocarpaceae family (9 species) and Fabaceae (7 species). 12 rare species of the park's flora are classified as "very vulnerable". There are 102 endemic species, including Cycas inermis Lour., Peliosanthes luteoviridis Vislobokov, K.S. Nguyen, Kalyuzhny, Nuraliev & N. Tanaka, Calamus dongnaiensis Pierre ex Becc., Impatiens rara Tardieu, etc. found in the park alone. The synanthropic fraction of flora, which includes plant species that have benefited from human anthropogenic activity and grow on disturbed lands (which account for 3.5% of the total area of the park), includes 149 species from 89 genera and 42 families; the level of synanthropization of the park's flora is 10%. The Poaceae family contains the largest number of synanthropic species (15 native and 14 adventitious), which, in our opinion, is due to the large areas of artificially created lands.