The article reveals the features of the organization of plant formations of the park-monument "Gurzufsky". For the first time, the characteristics and layout of 12 cultures of phytocenoses (CFC) that dominate the park landscape are presented. A histogram of the distribution of woody and shrubby plants by species composition in the CFC is given. A landscape map of "Gurzufsky" Park has been developed, taking into account the geo-morphological and ecological-phytocenotic features of the territory. The assessment of landscape morphological units from the position of the possibility of growing plants of various ecological groups was made, a scheme for assessing the phytoecological potential of the park was developed, where four categories of park territories were identified according to the degree of favorability for growing introduced plants. The analysis of key morphometric landscape characteristics and calculations of the values of the weighted average value of the plantings’ state (AVPS) forming the CFC, on the basis of which the stability of park groupings is determined, are carried out. In the course of comparative studies, the possibility of predicting the optimal species composition of park CFCs with high ecological plasticity for solving various tasks related to the organization of garden and park space has been established.

The most widespread magnolia on the Southern coast of the Crimea and, in particular, in the Arboretum of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens is the evergreen Magnolia grandiflora L., introduced in 1817. Currently, 28 generative specimens of Magnolia grandiflora of different ages grow in the Arboretum, including garden forms with different vital state. There are very few data on the relation of this species to soil conditions. For this reason, we have studied the influence of edaphic factors on the vital state of Magnolia grandiflora growing in the Arboretum of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. A number of limiting edaphic factors have been identified, the main of which is the high skeletal structure of the soil. The humus reserves in the soil have a positive effect on the vital state of trees. A high level of agricultural technology is the main method of improving the vital state of Magnolia grandiflora .

The article presents the results of a long-term (2005-2017) introduction study of Syringa emodi Wall. ex Royle, cultivated in the South Ural Botanical Garden Institute of the UFIC RAS. As a result of phenological observations, it was revealed that S. emodi belongs to the flowering ones in terms of medium flowering - the beginning of flowering is observed on average on the end of May. The duration of flowering is 18-22 days. Pollen viability is lower than that of other types of lilacs in the collection and is 13%. Fruiting annually, the level is slightly lower compared to other species. Seed germination is 82-86%. Winter hardiness is relatively high, only in very severe winters is freezing of annual shoots observed. The total score in the evaluation of decorative characters of S. emodi was 76 points out of 100 possible. For a number of signs, introduction stability was determined by 87 points. The conclusion is made about the successful introduction of S. emodi in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the possibility of widespread use of this species in landscaping settlements in the region.

Protection of fruit crops from pests is one of the most important tasks of gardening. In turn, the use of protective measures has both positive and negative sides, which makes the issue of improving their effectiveness one of the main ones. Having data on the estimated number of pests and the dates of the beginning of their development phases, it is possible to increase efficiency by choosing the optimal exposure measure and drawing up a more accurate schedule of protective measures. One way to determine such parameters is to use simulation. The article presents one of the approaches to constructing a mathematical model of the insect development process, which is used to build a software simulation model that allows to increase the effectiveness of protective measures of fruit crops. The article describes what is the essence of the modeled process. A mathematical model and methods for determining its parameters are presented. The required initial data for modeling are defined.

In the last decade, the acarocomplex of apple orchards in the plain-steppe zone of the Crimea was dominated by two species of mites, fam. Tetranychidae - Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) and Panonychus ulmi (Koch). Their share in the complex of phytophagous mites was 52.5 and 32.0%, respectively. Against the background of repeated acaricidal treatments during the season, the emergence of resistant races of phytophagous mites was recorded. The proposed anti-resistant strategy for controlling the number of spider mites on an apple tree involves the use of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot), Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), and Amblyseius andersoni (Chant). The combination of methods of seasonal colonization by phytoseiids serves as the building blocks of an anti-resistant defense system.Resettlement in the spring, by flooding, of two species of acariphages, P. persimilis and A. andersoni , contributes to the formation of acarofauna, so that while the first species reduces the number of phytophagous mites (by 50-60%), the second adapts and starts feeding later, and, at the expense of daughter individuals, it allows to reduce the number of pests by the end of the second decade of June to 2-3 individuals / leaf. In summer, a double release of the predatory mite N. californicus with a norm of 30 thousand individuals / ha (150-300 individuals / every 10 trees) reduces the risk of mass reproduction of spider mites at high average daily temperatures and low humidity.

In 2018-2020 phenological observations of Cydalima perspectalis Walker were carried out in two agroclimatic regions of the Crimea. The pest, both on the Southern Coast of the Crimea and in the central foothill zone, develops in three generations. The sum of effective temperatures required for the development of generations varies over the years in a wide range, which is due to the asynchronous development of the caterpillars of C. perspectalis . The beginning of summer of the adults of the overwintered generation over the years of research in both regions differed insignificantly and was noted with the accumulation of the sums of effective air temperatures above 10°С on the Southern Coast of the Crimea from 210 to 297 degree days, and in Simferopol - from 222 to 299 degree days. It was found that in the summer months in the central foothill zone of the Crimea, in terms of temperature indicators, more favorable conditions are created for the development of boxwood firewood than on the Southern Coast of the Crimea. The combination of hydrothermal conditions, in which air temperatures exceed 33-36°C, and the relative humidity drops below 19-49%, cause the death of up to 20-28% of Cydalima perspectalis egg embryos at an early stage of embryogenesis. From the embryos of eggs of later stages of embryogenesis, under these conditions, the hatching of caterpillars occurred by 100%.

The results of the evaluation of promising 24 cultivars and 6 forms of garden strawberries by their chemical composition (contents of ascorbic acid, titrated acid, sugars, dry substances, monosaccharides, the level of the sugar-acid coefficient) and the taste qualities of the fruits are presented to identify sources of high taste qualities and high content of biologically active substances. Seven cultivars and forms (Aidarina, Assol, Zarina, Efsane 3-15 Atlantida × Uniol, 12-15 Sunrise × Hercules, 25-15 Jantarnaja × Zenga Zengana) with a high fruit flavor (4.8-5.0 points);  six cultivars (Aidarina, Assol, Atlantida, Bagryana, Zarina, Present) with an increased content of ascorbic acid (76.1-85.4 mg/100 g);  eight cultivars and forms (Bagryana, Hercules, Krymskaya Remontantnaya, Luiza, Sanika, Honey, 3-15 Atlantida × Uniol, 14-15 Sunrise × Clery) with high titratable acidity (1.1-1.2%);  five cultivars (Aidarina, Albion, Bagryana, Zarina, Rusanovka) with optimal total sugar content (7.5-9.8%);  four cultivars (Albion, Bagryana, Krymskaya Remontantnaya, Uniol) with a high amount of dry matter (10.6-17.3 %);  seven cultivars and forms (Assol, Albion, Zarina, Krymskaya Rannaya, Rusanovka, 13-15 Sunrise × Zenga Zengana, 14-15 Sunrise × Clery, 25-15 Jantarnaja × Zenga Zengana) with a high sugar-acid index (8.0-11.9). The lowest variability (8.2-16.7%) was characterized by such signs as the taste of fruits and the content of total sugar, titrated acidity, and the highest (18.3-25.0%) - the content of ascorbic acid, solids, and the sugar-acid index. The most significant correlation between the sugar-acid coefficient and the biochemical parameters of strawberry fruits was revealed.

The yield of fruit crops depends significantly on the climatic conditions of growing. High-temperature stresses of the summer growing season can lead to a decrease or even death of the crop. In the Krasnodar Territory, more and more new records of the onset of high temperatures are observed in the summer months, when the average daily temperature exceeds the climatic norm by 4-7 degrees. The purpose of the study is to study the sustainability of apple tree trips for summer high-temperature stresses, an assessment of the interaction in the system "Genotype of stock-scion/stock combinations of apple tree-habitat" in the conditions of a changing climate, as well as identifying the rootstocks that are most adapted to the soil-climatic conditions of the South of Russia. The relevance of the work is due to the enhancement of harmfulness of high-temperature stresses during the passage of the most important stage of laying the generative organs of the future harvest and ripening the current. An assessment of the drought-resistance of the apple trees in conditions of an elevated temperature background was carried out. Apple tree Prikubanskoy cultivar on semi-dwarf rootstock CK 2 and dwarf rootstock M 9 and CK 7, had the greatest leaf boom and their better water-holding ability. The most productive were the trees on the M 9 and SK 7 stocks. In the trees on the semi-dwarf stocks, the highest and steadily growing yield was on the SK 2 stock. Consequently, the implementation of genetic-physiological systems of adaptability of drought-resistant briefings determined the level of yields of the graft trees of the apple tree. The use of apple trees with a high biopotential of resistance to abiotic stress is an element of biologized compensation for the damaging effect of climatic stressors in the ecologized technology for the production of gardening products.

The results of the study of drought resistance of 4 cultivars Prunus armeniaca Lam bred in the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens are presented. The dynamics of indicators of the water regime of leaves, the content of photosynthetic pigments and phenolic compounds in them has been studied. As a result of the research, information was obtained on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of apricot against the background of adaptation to stressful conditions created by moisture deficit during the summer drought on the Southern Coast of the Crimea. Significant differences were revealed in the ability to retain moisture during wilting, the ability to restore tissue turgor after critical dehydration, the concentration of chlorophylls and phenolic substances in the cultivars of different resistance to water stress. The promising drought-resistant genotypes 'Professor Smykov' and 'Kazachok' have been identified, demonstrating a relatively high level of water-retaining forces of leaf tissues and reparation of the leaf surface area.

Information about the peculiarities of the formation of storm emissions of macrophyte on the coast, at cape Martyan (the Southern coast of the Crimea) is presented. The studies were conducted from June 2019 to August 2020. Storm emissions on this part of the coast are formed with winds from the eastern (including north-eastern and south - eastern), southern and south-western directions and the corresponding direction of the waves. With north and west winds, the accumulated algae are carried back to the sea. Along the leveled coastal areas, storm emissions are distributed fairly evenly, without forming abundant accumulations. Stable zones accumulation of emissions are formed near the block heap, as well as at the bases of hydraulic structures. During one storm, cast ashore 40 kg to 7784 kg of phytomass. In total, 33061 kg of storm emissions were received on the shore during the year, which is about one percent of the annual production and a little more than two percent of the bottom vegetation reserves of the adjacent water area. The volume of storm emissions depends on the intensity of wave activity, the direction and strength of winds, on the morphology of the coast, as well as on seasonal phenomena in the life cycle of macrophytes.

The results of the studies of Corydalis marschalliana (Pallas ex. Willd.) Pers. in the Eastern part of the Donbass (Lugask and Donetsk regions) are provided in the research. The fact that in the Eastern part of Donbass region C. marschalliana grows in 60 locations (33 locations are in the Lugansk region and 27 ones are in the Donetsk region) was established. 19 of them were discovered by the author of the research. Environmental conditions in the studied region were described. Corydalis marschalliana biomorphological characteristics, area and growth conditions are given. Environmental history was studied;  map charts and species distribution lists on the territory of the Eastern part of Donbass region were made. Cenopopulation studies of Corydalis marschalliana were carried out. The article gives the data about studied species protection on the specially protected natural territories of the Eastern part of Donbass region, the ways of possible rational usage of this species are indicated. It was concluded that C. marschalliana does not need personal protection on the territory of the Eastern part of Donbass region.

A survey of medical university students was conducted (20 people, 45% worked with patients with coronavirus infection). We studied stress factors and the psychological effectiveness of the course medication intake of the "Restorative" herbal blend (oregano grass, thyme grass, blackberry leaf, echinacea leaf). The reception period is 20 days. The available stress factors were evaluated by a developed questionnaire, in which scaling was performed in the paradigm of the International Classification of Functioning. The psychological state before and after taking the herbal blend was assessed using the methods "Coping behavior in stressful situations", "Taylor's scale of anxiety manifestations", "Emotional burnout" by V. Boyko. The most significant challenges for respondents are caused by prolonged and intense psychoemotional loads, violations of the work and rest regime. After taking the herbal blend, mental resources increase, anxiety and depression decrease. The subjects begin to deal with stress productively, and not emotionally reacting. The emotional deficit, saving of mental resources, inadequate response to adverse factors are reduced, which indicates the general strengthening effect of the "Restorative" herbal blend not only on the body as a whole, but also on mental processes.

The paper presents the results of an introduction study of four species of the genus Echinacea Moench from the collection of aromatic and medical plants of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden: E. angustifolia DС. , E. pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. , E. tennesseensis (Breadle) Small and E. purpurea (L.) Moench. Morphological and biological features of these species were identified in order to determine the prospects of their cultivation in the conditions of the Southern Coast of the Crimea. A positive interspecific dependence of the number of inflorescences (baskets) on a plant with the length of the growing season (r=0.92) was established. An intraspecific assessment of the morphometry of inflorescences, such as their diameter, the length of the lingual flowers and the height of the flower bed, showed that E. purpurea has a tendency to negatively correlate these indicators with their number on the plant. Among the studied species of the genus Echinacea, according to the complex of thirteen morpho-biological and economically valuable traits, two species differ in adaptive advantage - these are E. purpurea and E. tennesseensis , and the best samples are No. 15309 and No. 6106 with an aboveground mass yield, respectively, 1.20±0.21 kg/plant and 0.92±0.19 kg/plant. E. pallida is characterized by cumulative signs of drought resistance, it is a short growing season equal to 124±4.1 days and a narrow-lanceolate leaf blade shape (index - 9.6), which allows this species to form a significant yield of aboveground mass (0.86±0.17 kg/plant) in the arid conditions of the subtropical climate of the Southern coast of the Crimea.

The results of the study of the early stages of the ontogenesis of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. in the conditions of introduction to the Southern coast of the Crimea are presented. Morphobiological signs of seeds, morphological features of fruits, seeds and seedlings were revealed. The fruit of A. lanata is a densely pubescent single-seeded box of a rounded shape from greenish to cream color. The morphometric parameters of the seeds have a very low level of variability (from 5 to 10%). On average, their length is 0.72 mm, width - 0.55 mm, and thickness - 0.40 mm. As a result of the research, the seeds were found to be of different quality. Immature seeds from red to dark brown are located mainly in the upper and middle part of the inflorescence. The marginal embryo is milky in color, covering the abundant perisperm in a semicircle, on average 1.55 mm in length and 0.16 mm in width. The seedlings are small lobe-shaped, petiolate light green 2 mm long and 1 mm wide. The hypocotyl is white 0.4 mm long. According to the method of distribution of diaspores, A. lanata refers to barochora plants. The coefficient of semenification was 36.2%.

Based on the content analysis of the sources of patent and scientific literature on the biotechnology of lichens as a medicinal raw material, systematized modern information is provided, as well as original experimental data regarding the cultivation of botanical species of lichens of various ecological and geographical groups under controlled conditions. Since ancient times, lichens havebeen used as medicines and are included in the pharmacopoeias of various countries. At present, methodological approaches have been developed for the cultivation of lichens (genera Usnea, Rhinocarpon, Umbilicara ) and their components: phycobiont (genera Nostoc, Chlorella ), mycobiont ( Petrusaria pertiza, Leydea parasema, Alternaria sp.). The main biologically active compounds (usnic acid, lichenin, cetrarin, water-soluble vitamins, calcium oxalate) and the pharmacological effects caused by them (antimicrobial, stimulating appetite, enveloping, anti-inflammatory, anti-burn, regenerating). Biotechnological approaches can be implemented for species cloning, reproduction, creation of a bank of cell cultures of lichens and their components in order to preserve economically valuable producers in an active state and develop technologies for obtaining biomass and pharmacologically valuable biologically active compounds.

The article presents data on the content and composition of the essential oil of Mentha longifolia (L.) L. plants growing in natural phytocenoses on the territory of Crimea and Abkhazia. It was found that dry raw materials in two samples from natural phytocenoses of Crimea contain 1.27 and 1.76% of essential oil per wet weight, three samples from phytocenoses of Abkhazia contain less essential oil - 0.68, 0.98 and 1.19 %. About 60 components have been identified. Two new chemotypes were identified for Crimea: carvone-piperitone (mass fraction of carvone is 66.65%, piperitone oxide - 14.37%) and piperitone-sabinene (mass fraction of piperitone oxide - 55.19% and cis-sabinene hydrate - 23.51%), and two for Abkhazia: terpene-caryophyllene (α-terpinyl acetate - 51.48%;  β-caryophyllene - 9.26%), piperitone-non-petalactone (piperitone oxide - 46.29%;  nepetalactone 4aa, 7a, 7aa - 34.85%). These Mentha longifolia chemotypes are promising for use in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical and perfume industries.