The evaluation of new early-fruiting cultivars of kiwi breeding by the Research Institute of Agriculture of  the  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Abkhazia  (NIISH  ANA) was done.  Biometric  (weight,  size)  and  biochemical (soluble dry substances, phenolic components, pigments, ascorbic acid, sugars and organic acids) characteristics of  fruits  of  five cultivars were  analyzed.  The  indicators  characterizing  the  nutritional  value  of  each  studied cultivar and  the  possibility  of  using  it  for  targeted  breeding  for  an  increased  content  of  specific  biologically active substances have been identified. It is noted that the new cultivars are valuable both in the food taste and in the breeding plan.

The  paper  presents  the  results  of  an  ecological-phytocenotic  assessment  and  study  of  the  floristic composition of arid light forests of Prunus armeniaca L. at the limit of its high-altitude growth in Mountainous Dagestan. Such results, obtained using the methods of descriptive statistics, cluster and multivariate analyses are presented for the associations of P. armeniaca L. of the Caucasus for the first time. The research was carried out in the vicinity villages of Charoda (1400-1600 m a.s.l.), Charodinsky district on ten test plots using the methods of the St. Petersburg Geobotanical School. A total of 144 species of vascular plants were identified, representing 100  genera  and  37  families.  In  the  floristic  complex  of  associations P. armeniaca L.  in  Dagestan,  the  leading families  are  Asteracea,  Fabaceae,  Poaceae,  Rosaceae  and  Lamiaceae,  which  account  for  more  than  50%  of  the total  number  of  species.  An  analysis  of  the  biomorphological  spectrum  of  flora  showed  an  overwhelming predominance  of  herbaceous  polycarpics,  and  an  insignificant  proportion  of  woody  forms,  mainly  light-loving mesophytes and xeromesophytes, in relation to soil nutrition – mesotrophs and eutrophs. Associated tree species, in addition to the apricot, are: – Prunus divaricata, Fraxinus excelsior, Salix caprea, Malus orientalis, and in the undergrowth  the  most  representative  species  are Colutea  orientalis  and Spiraea  hypericifolia.  Charodinsky associations of P. armeniaca L. are characterized by the dominance of P. armeniaca L. with a crown density of up to 60%, the number of trees up to 20 pcs. per 400 m², with low apricot regeneration (0–10)  and  with  high coverage (30–70%) and development (25–50 cm) of grasses of the meadow-steppe type. On the studied sites, the age of apricot trees did not exceed 50 years, the average trunk diameter was 21.8 cm, and the crown height was 5.4 m.

The article presents the results of studying the timing of the onset and duration of the main phenological phases  in  28  cultivars  of  strawberries  of  various  geographical  origin  in  the  foothill  zone  of  the  Crimea.  The influence of weather conditions on the timing of the passage of the phenological phases of the studied cultivars, adaptability to the climate of the area is determined. Based on long-term data on the timing of flowering and fruit ripening,  the  cultivars  are  divided  into  groups:  early,  medium,  late.  It  was  revealed  that  the  strawberry assortment is dominated by cultivars of medium maturity. These cultivars account for 43%, early–term cultivars – 32% and 25% - late-term cultivars.

The  article  presents  the  data of  field  two-factor many years’ experience on the study of methods of biologization on the growth and condition of the apple trees of cv ‘Rumyanka Krymskaya’ on the rootstock M 9. The intensive orchard was located in the department of the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens "Crimean Experimental Horticulture  Station"  (the  village  of  Malenkoe,  Simferopol  District,  the  Republic  of the Crimea)  on  meadow alluvial  soils  of  the  valley  river  Salgir.  Biologization  factors  studied  in  the  experiment  were:  soil  sodding  with natural  vegetation  and  cereal-legume  mixtures  of  perennial  grasses,  as  well  as  microbial  preparations  (MP)  as biofertilizers and natural growth stimulants. It  was established that perennial sown  grasses gave the biomass of plant residues 2.0-2.5 times  higher than the segetal  vegetation. MP against their background also increased the amount  of  grass  biomass,  the  maximum  nitrogen  fixer  (AF).  An  increase  in  the  amount  of  plant  residues stimulated  the  action of  the  applied  MPs  as  biofertilizers,  which  led  to  increased  growth  and  productivity  of apple trees. The best in terms of a set of indicators was found to be a combination of sodding between the rows of the orchard with a mixture of fescue and clover in combination with AF, which gave an increase in fruit yield on average over three  years of experience of 12.2 t/ha,  which  was determined by an  increase in the  number of fruits on a tree by 86% and the average weight of the fruit by 6% of control.

According  to  the  totality  of  economically  valuable  features, oriental  persimmon  (Diospyros  kaki Thunb.) occupies  a  special  place  among  fruit  crops  due  to  the  value  of  its  fruits,  a  wide  ecological range  of growing areas and the decorative nature of the plant itself and is one of the most widespread crops in the world. Persimmon  fruits  are  very  popular  with  consumers  due  to  their  excellent  taste  and  attractive  appearance. The article provides a comprehensive evaluation of commercial and pomological quality of some cultivars and hybrid forms  of  persimmons bred by the Nikitsky  Botanical  Gardens  (Zolotistaya,  Yuzhnaya  Krasavitsa,  Mechta  and Zarya cvs)  and of foreign  breeding  (Sidles,  Hyacume  cvs). The results  are  presented:  pomological  description, studies  of  mechanical  composition  of  fruits,  pulp  density  at  the  stage  of  fruit  ripening. The  analysis  of  the obtained  data,  reflecting  the  commercial  and  pomological  qualities,  allowed  us  to  select cultivars,  the  fruits  of which are most suitable for transportation, processing and consumption in fresh form.

In  order  to  study  cultural,  morphological  and  phytopathogenic  properties,  isolates  of  epiphytic microorganisms were isolated from plants of the Astrakhan region with obvious signs of bacterial damage. In the course of experimental studies, 52 isolates were isolated into pure cultures. The isolates revealed the presence of such pathogenicity factors as macerating activity in relation to the tissues of potato tubers, root crops of carrots and beets, necrotic activity in relation to seedlings of white-fruited squash and phytotoxic activity in relation to white  mustard  seeds.  It  was  revealed  that  25  isolates  have  hydrolytic  activity  in  relation  to  plant  tissues  of potatoes,  carrots  and  beets:  13 - high,  12  medium.  10  isolates  are  able  to  cause  extensive  necrotic  lesions  of squash  seedlings.  Two  isolates  have  a  complex  phytotoxic  effect  on  the  germination  of  mustard  seeds  and morphometric  parameters  of  seedlings.  All  25  isolates  with  hydrolytic  activity  were  selected  for  subsequent identification.  And  FP17  and  FP18  isolates,  which  have  all  pathogenicity  factors,  can  be  recommended  for testing agrochemical and biological plant protection products.

Anthracnose  fruit  rot  (C.  acutatum) is  a  dangerous  strawberry  disease.  One  of  the  ways  to  control C. acutatum in  strawberry  plantations  is  the  cultivation  of cultivars with  genetic  resistance  to  this  pathogen. Among the genetic factors of strawberry anthracnose resistance is the Rca2 gene, which determines resistance to C. acutatum isolates of the pathogenicity group 2. Using the diagnostic DNA marker STS-Rca2_240, molecular screening of strawberry hybrid forms according to the Rca2 anthracnose fruit rot resistance gene was carried out. Promising  strawberry  hybrids  characterized  by  a  heterozygous  combination  of  alleles  of  the Rca2 gene  were identified:  2/1-24,  2/1-34  (‘Quicky’  × ‘Olympia’),  3/9-5  (‘Florence’  × ‘Faith’),  3/12-2,  3/12-9  (‘Alisa’  × ‘Quicky’), 4/7-10, 4/7-19, 4/7-20 (‘Asia’ × ‘Aprica’), and 5/2-26 and 5/2-32 (‘San Andreas’ × ‘Monterey’).

In  the  framework  of  scientific  monitoring  conducted  by  the  All-Russian  Centre  of  Plant  Quarantine (VNIIKR), the following viruses were tested by ELISA on samples of stone fruit crops collected on the territory of  20  regions  of  the  Russian  Federation:  ACLSV,  ApMV,  APLPV,  ArMV,  CLRV,  CRLV,  PBNSPaV,  PDV, PNRSV, PPV, PRMV, RpRSV, SLRSV, TBRV, ToRSV and TRSV. The spread of plum pox potyvirus (PPV), prunus necrotic  ring  spot  ilarvirus  (PNRSV)  and  prune  dwarf  ilarvirus  (PDV)  were  found  in  12,  12,  and  8 regions of  the  Russian  Federation,  respectively,  in  14.9%,  11.9%  and  1.7%  of  test  samples.  The  presence  of these  viruses  was  confirmed  by  polymerase  chain  reaction  followed  by  sequencing.  An  analysis  of  the occurrence  of  these  viruses  depending  on  the  type  of  plantations,  plant  species,  and  geographic  region  was performed.

Studies  have  been  conducted  on  the  possibility  of  accelerating  the  production  of  stem  seedlings  of  5 cultivars of  miniature roses.  Two species  were used as rootstock – Rosa canina L. and R. multiflora Thunb. in the form of unrooted cuttings of three different lengths. According to the results of the research, it was revealed that cuttings without prior rooting are more promising for the graft component. They are cut from the species R. multiflora. When comparing the rootability of this species of R. canina, they revealed a high percentage of root formation. It was found that cuttings with the longest length of 40 cm show the best results in all variants of the study.  The  obtained  data  on  the  grafting  of  shoots  in  all  the  studied  rose  cultivars,  which  were  carried  out  on unrooted cuttings of the species R. multiflora, turned out to be promising. The effect on the process of splicing the  rootstock  with  the  graft  was  largely  influenced  by  the  method  of  conducting  the  grafting  operation.  Such  a method  of  inoculation  as  improved  copulation  in  the  blood  showed  the  best  results  in  all  the  studied  variants. The possibility of accelerated production of stem seedlings of rose cultivars from the miniature group has been confirmed by simultaneous rooting of the rootstock and splicing of the scion with the rootstock in closed ground conditions.

One  of  the  main  tasks  in  the  activities  of  botanical  gardens  is  the  mobilization  of  plant  resources,  the study and identification of the  most useful species, forms, cultivars of plants for humans and their introduction into culture by developing the biological foundations of their cultivation in various soil and climatic conditions and  creating cultivars  based  on  them  with  high  economic  and  biological  qualities  and  characteristics.  In  the Nikitsky Botanical Gardens, the  garden rose is one of the  main ornamental crops,  with  which introduction and breeding work has been carried out for more than 200 years, and the collected collection is one of the largest in the Russian Federation. One of the primary tasks for the successful cultivation of garden roses is to ensure a high agrotechnical  background.  As  a  result  of  the  reclamation  work  carried  out,  optimal  edaphic  conditions  were created for the successful cultivation of a large variety of roses in the Central Rose Garden of the Upper Park of the Nikitsky Gardens. Therefore, the study and constant monitoring of the influence of edaphic conditions on the growth and development of plants is necessary and always relevant.

Information  is given on the  study of the species composition of  native and alien  synanthropic plants distributed  in  the  flower  beds  of  Yakutsk.  Geobotanical  studies  were  conducted  by  route  method  during  2018-2019 and 2021-2022. Fifty-nine species of  weedy plants belonging to 20 families and 49 genera  were noted in the  city's  flower  beds.  The  leading  families  in  terms  of  number  of  genera  and  species  are  Asteraceae, Brassicaceae. Terophytes (51.7%) with high reproduction rate and laboratory germination of their seeds ranging from 70 to 100% occupy a significant share in the plant species composition. The spectrum of geographic groups is dominated by species with a wide range, often highly competitive, which allows them to successfully inhabit new habitats. The dominance  of  mesophytes and  xeromesophytes  was revealed in relation to the degree of  soil moisture among synanthropic species in flower beds. The species composition of synanthropic plants consists of native (50.8%) and adventive (49.2%) components. The basis of  the aboriginal  fraction  consists of polycarpics (66.6%), the adventive  species are represented  mainly by annuals and biennials (82.7%),  which easily adapt to the conditions of Central Yakutia, surviving the winter in the form of seeds. Laboratory germination of seeds of the majority of studied annual species is high and ranges from 70 to 100%. Average and low seed germination is characteristic  of  the  seeds  of  perennial  species.  Assessment  of  occurrence  and  abundance  of  plants  made  it possible to identify the main littering species of flower beds. Species with high occurrence and abundance were adventive  Chenopodium  album  L.  (occurrence  68%,  abundance  score  1-4), Chenopodium  glaucum  L. (occurrence 62%, abundance score 0-4), Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (occurrence 62%, abundance score 0-4), etc.

The study of the flora for the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) has received sufficient attention over the  past  decades.  Pteridophytes  were  cited  as  an  inherent  spore  component  for  the  vascular  flora.  Active conversion of landscapes containing intact forests has created suitable habitats for alien species by changing the structure  of  phytocenosis.  The  government  of  Vietnam  is  actively  developing  a  legislative  framework  on  the issues for combating alien “agents” on its territory. In 2008, the Biodiversity Law appeared, which became the first national legislative document, then circulars were developed in 2011, 2013 and 2018. Thereby it’s circulars Vietnam officially began to combat and control the spread of invasive species on its territory. For the goal of our research,  we  chose  pteridophytes,  at  the  moment,  1133  species  from  170  genera  and  38  families  have  been identified  in  Vietnam  (including  Lycopodiopsida).  Many  species  are  quite  widespread  not  only  in  natural habitats, but are also present in cities, on arable lands and in urban communities. We noted 82 species from 38 genera  and  17  families,  among  which  20  are  exotic  species,  and  62  are  native  species  that  can  grow/occupy biotopes  and  cenoses  that  are  not  typical  for  them  in  nature.  Most  fern-like  plants  were  observed  in  the synanthropic  group  and  in  disturbed  habitats.  The  process  of  introduction  in  countries  with  tropical  and subtropical  climates  is  poorly  controlled,  and  spore  plants,  due  to  the  insignificant  mass  of  spores,  can  spread over  fairly  large distances. However, data on “weedy” fern species in Vietnam are still insufficient or contain incomplete  information  on  the  geographical  distribution  and  population  size  of  specific  species  compared  to studies of aquatic invasive plant species in developed countries [18]. Domestic standards need to be brought into line with international ones, and the provision of scientific and standardized work for biodiversity and ecosystem services must be strengthened.

The article presents data on the moss flora of the Kanaka State Nature Reserve (South-Eastern Crimea). As  a  result  of  the  research,  the  bryoflora  of  the  reserve  was  replenished  with  53  species  of  bryophytes  and currently includes 58 species from 33 genera, 22 families, 9 orders, 3 classes, 2 divisions; of which 6 species of liverworts  and  42  leaf-stemmed  mosses.  The  leading  position  in  the  rank  of  bryoflora  families  is  occupied  by Pottiaceae (species are confined to steppe areas), Orthotrichaceae and Brachytheciaceae (species grow in forest cenoses). The study area is characterized by a high diversity of relief (covered, flat and sloping slopes, lowlands, ravines,  gullies,  eroded  slopes),  which  causes  the  formation  of  unique  bryofloristic  complexes  that  differ  in species  composition  and  projective  cover.  The  presence  of  bryophytes  of steppe  and  forest  cenoses  on  the territory of the Kanaka reserve confirms the high scientific significance and uniqueness of the reserve.

An analysis of the dynamics of the areas leased for recreational activities for the period 2017-2021 for 5 regions of the Central Forest–steppe of the Russian Federation showed that in the Voronezh region it increased by 408 hectares to 1,098 hectares, in the Belgorod region - by 16 hectares to 636 hectares, in the Lipetsk region - decreased  by  25  hectares  to  135  hectares.  The  volume  of  recreational  use  of  forests  is  small  and  requires  an increase.  The  study  of  the  influence  of  recreation  on  forest  phytocenoses  was  carried  out  on  10  trial  areas  (5-experience, 5-control) laid down in the Suburban Forestry of the Voronezh region. Studies have shown that the first experimental plantation with a predominance of hanging birch with a recreational load - 33750 people/year, is  in  the  2nd  stage  of  degradation,  has  a  6.2%  lower  reserve  compared  to  the  control,  1.5  times  worse  sanitary condition,  less  species  diversity  of  undergrowth  and  ground  cover.  The  third  phytocenosis  (experience)  with  a predominance  in  the  1st  tier  of  oak  growth  with an  average  load  of  132550  people/year  is  in  the  3rd  stage  of degradation and differs from the control by lower taxation indicators: in average height – by 3.5%, wood stock – 5.8%.  The  condition  is  worse  than  that  of  the  control  plant  by  26.4%.  There  are  no  undergrowth  and undergrowth, the area of the ground cover is 1.6 times, and the diversity of vegetation is 2 times less than in the control. At the fourth experimental site, which is in 4 stages of degradation with a high recreational load (112750 people/year  and  63250  people/year),  there  is  an  intensive  drying  of  the  stand  (40%).  Its  taxation  indicators  are lower  than  the  control  in  height  by  9.5%,  diameter – 8.5%,  stock – 34.0%.  The  sanitary  condition  is  2  times worse, there is no undergrowth and undergrowth, the area of the ground cover has decreased by 8.5 times, there has been a change of forest grass species to non-forest ones.

In the Crimean Mountains, 305 specimens of ancient trees were identified, belonging to 25 species from 20  genera  and  16  families,  ranging  in  age  from  100  to  2000  years.  On  centuries-old  trees,  22  species  of polypores from 18 genera, 8 families, 5 orders, 1 class, 1 division were discovered. 8 species of fungi are highly specialized to their host plants, 14 have a wide range of feeding plants. On 11 species of woody plants aged from 200  to  2000  years,  14  species  of  basidial  xylotrophs  from  14  genera  were  identified.  For  13  species  of  ancient woody  plants,  the  types  of  tinder  fungi  could  not  be  determined.  A  list  of  potential  tinder  fungi  has  been compiled, consisting of 13 species of 12 genera. In natural ecosystems, specialized tinder fungi that cause stem rot  are  more  common  on  old  trees; Porodaedalea  pini (Brot.)  Murrill  (Pinaceae), Pyrofomes  demidofii (Lev.) Kotl.  &  Pouzar  (Cupressaceae), Inocutis  dryadeus (Pers.) Murrill  (Fabaceae), Phellinus  tuberculosus (Baumg.) Niemela (Rosaceae) are dominant. In areas with anthropogenic impact, polyphagous polypores dominate on old trees,  causing  root  rot: Fuscoporia  torulosa (Pers.)  T.  Wagner  &  M.  Fisch., Ganoderma  applanatum (Pers.  ex Wallr.)  Pat., G.  lucidum (Curtis)  P.  Karst., Rigidoporus  ulmarius (Sowerby)  J.  Imazeki.  The  studied  woody plants in natural conditions have a high life potential, as evidenced by the absence of tinder fungi in 90% of trees of maximum age.

The study of the lipid profile and identification of micro- and macroelements in the fruits of food crops grown  in  different  natural  and  climatic conditions  is  relevant  for  understanding  the  mechanism  of  influence  of their  processed  products  on  the  functioning  of  human  life  systems,  as  well  as  for  searching  for  potential biologically  active  compounds  as  markers  of  molecular  identity,  allowing  determine  the  characteristic  varietal profile  in  terms  of  the  authenticity  and  quality  of  the  fruit;  finally,  with  the  aim  of  determining  the  optimal variety  for specific technical  and pharmacological tasks. This report provides an assessment of the lipid profile and elemental composition of canned fruits of four olive varieties from the collection of the Nikitsky Botanical Garden (South Coast of Crimea). Determination of the presence of lipid fractions was carried out using thin layer chromatography;  the  level of  elements  was  identified  using  a  flame  photometer  using  the  evaporation  method. The results of the study showed that fatty oils from canned olive fruits of the studied varieties are stable due to the  low  peroxide  value  and  have  a  similar  density,  close  to  standard  values  (0.91–0.92  g/ml),  which  indicates their high quality. The lipid profile of oils is  mainly represented by triglycerides.  A  high content of potassium, magnesium, calcium and iron was revealed in the studied olive fruits.

The  content  of  rosmarinic  acid,  a  biologically  active  compound  with  high  anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral and antitumor effects,  was studied in  11 species and varieties of  spicy-aromatic, essential oil  and  medicinal  plants  of  the  families Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Verbenaceae from  the  collection  of  the  Nikita Botanical Garden, located on the southern coast of Crimea in subtropical climate zone of the Mediterranean type. It has been established that in ethanol extracts from raw materials of the studied species and varieties, the amount of phenolic compounds ranges from 1447 (Aloysia citrodora Palau) to 2734 mg/100 g (Melissa officinalis L. cv. ʹAromatnaya Tavridyʹ); The high content of phenolic substances is characteristic of plant raw materials of the varieties ʹNew Horizonʹ and ʹAmethystʹ Rosmarinus officinallis L. (2724 and 2550 mg/100 g, respectively). The HPLC  method  has  established  that  in  raw  materials  collected  during  the  mass  flowering  phase  of  plants,  the content of rosmarinic acid ranges from 116 mg/100 g (Perilla frutescens var. nankiensis (Lour.) Britton) to 1540 mg/g (Rosmarinus officinalis cv. ′New Horizon′). Mellisa officinalis cv. ʹAromatnaya Tavridyʹ and P. frutescents (L.) Britton (801 mg/100 g) are also characterized by a high content of rosmarinic acid (1511 mg/100 g), which allows us to classify them as promising sources of rosmarinic acid.