Contact oligonucleotide insecticides (olinscides or DNA insecticides) based on the contact unmodified antisense DNA biotechnology (CUADb) platform, invented in 2008, have been significantly improved and rethought. CUADb (or the "genetic zipper" method) combines molecular genetics, bioinformatics and in vitro nucleic acid synthesis. A major paradigm shift was the demonstration that unmodified antisense DNA can act as a contact insecticide. Key breakthroughs included the identification of convenient target genes (rRNA genes), the mechanism of action (DNA containment) and the detection of sternorrhynchans insect pests highly susceptible to olinscides. This class of new generation insecticides creates opportunities for the development of insecticides intended for individual populations of insect pests. In this work, conducted on Ceroplastes japonicus Green larvae in open ground, the high potential of using olinscide YAVOL-11 (5'-CGACCGACGAA-3') in the fight against false scale insects and their potential as a replacement for non-selective organophosphorus insecticides is demonstrated.

A series of histochemical tests were carried out for the qualitative determination of secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes (GTs) of leaves and flower elements in three Pelargonium (Geraniaceae) species: P. odoratissimum, P. exstipulatum and P. vitifolium. GTs of five morphological types are found in the studied species. The secreted substances may contain phenols, alkaloids, terpenes and acidic polysaccharides. The set of detected secondary compounds differs in different types of trichomes. In addition, there are species-specific staining features in histochemical reactions in GTs of all types. The most intense secretion and a greater variety of components are found in all trichomes of the 1st type. At the same time, trichomes of the 2nd and the 4th types have differences in the composition of secretions due to their localization on different organs. The synthesized substances can be accumulated in the cytoplasm of the GTs or be excreted into the subcuticular cavity.

Modern approaches to indoor floriculture and landscape design dictate the need to study various maintenance systems for plants living in limited conditions of a soil or soil-free substrate. Growth and development in ergonomic systems entails frequent errors related to water starvation or waterlogging. The use of a bottom (wick) irrigation system has clear advantages over traditional methods of overhead irrigation, which has been tested experimentally and proved by a significant increase in the number of rooted cuttings and enhanced their growth processes. The use of the principle of capillary forces ensured a stable, uniform supply of water to the root zone of plants, which stimulated earlier rhizogenesis and, as a result, rapid growth rates of the aboveground part of plants. The water content at a relatively constant level was one of the main factors stimulating the physiological processes of water evaporation in plants, which had a direct and indirect effect on the formation of the decorative sphere.

Representatives of the genus Acer L. are economically valuable woody plants. For seed propagation, knowledge of seed quality is necessary, but this issue is insufficiently covered in literary sources. The studied maples were grouped into three categories based on the weight and size of their fruits (samaras): those with small fruits – Acer spicatum Lam., Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm., Acer ensylvanicum L., Acer tegmentosum Maxim.; those with medium-sized fruits – Acer mono Maxim., Acer barbinerve Maxim. ex Miq., Acer negundo L., Acer tataricum L., Acer campestre L.; and those with large fruits – Acer platanoides L. The most significant differences between these groups were observed in the weight of 1000 samaras, which ranged from 16.3 to 114.3 g. The length of the samaras varied from 1.6 to 4.7 cm. The soundness of seeds among different species varied from 19.3 to 94.0% over the six-year study period. The highest percentage of sound seeds was characteristic of the invasive Acer negundo L., as well as the introduced species Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm. and Acer tataricum L. The factor of species specificity had a greater influence on seed soundness compared to the factor of annual meteorological conditions. The highest seed germination was also characteristic of the invasive species Acer negundo L. Relatively good seed germination in the first spring after sowing was established for representatives of the section Ginnala. Seeds of the species Acer tegmentosum Maxim., Acer barbinerve Maxim. ex Miq., and Acer campestre L. germinated only in the second spring after sowing. Low seed germination was characteristic of Acer mono Maxim., Acer pensylvanicum L., and Acer platanoides L. Germination and seed soundness values were significantly correlated. The ten studied maple taxa exhibit relatively stable fruiting in the Republic of Mari El, which indicates their high viability. With the exception of Acer negundo L., the other nine maples are recommended for wider use in the green spaces of settlements in the republic and nearby regions, in various planting types according to their ornamental qualities.

The studies were conducted on agrolandscapes of different ages (fallow, irrigation, and bagorny areas). We have found that the soil retains the properties that have been formed over a long period of half a century of irrigation. The granulometric composition undergoes only minor changes. All the studied soils, consisting mainly of light clay with a predominance of silt fractions, have a high density of composition and low porosity. The reaction of the soil environment in various variants is heterogeneous and varies from 6.97 to 8.50; the pH increases with depth. In general, for all variants, the nature of the soil environment is alkaline. The humus content at depths up to 1 m is low everywhere, averaging more than 2%. According to the classification, such soils are classified as low-humus. In the upper layer of 0-30 cm, the maximum humus was recorded in the fallow area (Gr 7) - 3.44%, slightly lower in the irrigation (Gr 5) and rain-fed (Gr 6) areas - 3.03% and 3.11%, respectively. This is due to the regular use of the soil for crops of cereals in the Gr 5 and Gr 6 variants.

The study describes the floristic composition of tea crop agrocenoses under with similar ecological conditions ecological conditions in the vicinity of the resort city of Sochi, Krasnodar Territory. A total of 28 species of vascular plants were found, four of which (Calystegia sepium, Pteridium aquilinum, Rubus caesius, Stellaria media) are characteristic of all sites, while in one case, Sambucus ebulus was not part of the community. The dominant species on the abundance scale of V.S. Ipatov were identified in two cases. The spectrum of life forms according to K. Raunkiaer and I. G. Serebryakov allowed for assumptions about the degree of maintenance of the tea plantations. Comparison of habitats using G. Ellenberg's point ecological indices demonstrated similarity, while differences were revealed through cluster analysis of botanical descriptions. The sample noted a pattern of botanical descriptions regarding the operational characteristics of the sites was noted in the sample and additional anthropogenic factors not related to the tea crop. The results of the study allow for clarification of the composition of competing plant species in the tea crop agrocenosis and their consideration in monitoring the condition of tea plantations.

The article presents the results of assessing the quality of fruits of 20 elite forms of walnut from the selection gene pool of the Federal State Funded Scientific Institution “North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, and Winemaking”. The objective of the study was to select promising hybrid forms of walnut based on a set of quality characteristics. The following features were assessed: nut weight, kernel yield, shell thickness, ease of removal of kernel halves, kernel plumpness, kernel color, membrane thickness, shell texture and nut shape. The total fat content of fruits and fatty acid profiling were analyzed. Fruit quality was assessed using generally accepted techniques. The chemical composition was analyzed using modern methods – NMR spectroscopy, gas chromatography. The average fruit weight was 11.25 g, kernel yield was 50.29%, oil content was 70.84%, while 65% of the samples were high-oil (>70%). Polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for 68.28%, monounsaturated acids averaged 28.58%. Among PUFAs, the dominant acid was linoleic (48.95-66.09%). In the MUFA group, the main fatty acid was oleic (12.28-31.33%). Three hybrids (13-45-23 (4.3/1), 17-2-14 (4.9/1), 17-5-19 (5.0/1) showed the most balanced ratio, corresponding to WHO recommendations (1/1-5/1). As a result of the assessment, promising hybrid forms were identified (17-5-8, 17-2-14, 13-48-23, 13-54-23, 13-45-23, 17-5-19), which are valuable as initial breeding material for use as sources of economically valuable traits.

Hazel on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains is an introduced species. In the conditions of the Chelyabinsk region, it is widely represented in amateur gardening. Plants hibernate normally and bear fruit. In the conditions of the Middle Urals, hazel is prone to freezing of male aments and is less productive. The origin of the Ural introduced hazel population is related both to the direct transfer of plants from the natural habitats of the species, as well as to the re-sowing of seeds from the hardiest cultivars of Kudasheva R.F., and local controlled hybridization. Growing in different conditions, it is difficult to objectively assess the yield of plants of different ages. The energy assessment of the laying of generative organs made it possible to identify potentially productive forms. In the Botanical Garden, the forms Botanic and Botanic 2 have been isolated from the controlled crossing of Corylus avellana x Hazelnuts. At the Sverdlovsk Horticulture Breeding Station, the forms №5, №6, №7, №14. The forms Urozhodnaya, Vost 1, Sev 5, Sev 7 were selected from the personal collection near Chelyabinsk. In such forms, the female inflorescence accounts for less than 20 cm of annual growth or less than 5 buds, or about 5 aments.

The article presents the results of a study of the productivity of new summer apple cultivars and the factors that form it. The climatic conditions of cultivation from the beginning of flowering (April) to harvesting (August) from 2014 to 2024 are analyzed. The degrees of flowering of the studied samples, fruit weight indicators, susceptibility to scab and powdery mildew of apple trees are studied. It was revealed that breeding forms 1-32-87 and 3-6 surpass the control cultivar ‘Mantet’ in terms of yield. Based on the correlation analysis, the most significant factors influencing the formation of yield are determined: maximum air temperature in July - from 0.565 to 0.775. It is determined that for summer apple cultivars the following indicators are of greatest importance: the amount of precipitation in May (r = 0.55-0.65), July (0.51) and August (r = 0.58-0.63); number of fruits on a tree (r = 0.95-0.98); degree of flowering (r = 0.62-0.72). Multiple regression equations have different degrees of reliability (from 73.2% - ‘Mantet’, to 98.4% - 3-6), which indicates the presence of additional factors affecting the yield of samples.

The functional activity of the Kober 5BB grape rootstock in the school was stimulated by fertigation using a complex of organomineral fertilizers containing physiologically active components: Ascophyllum nodosum algae extract, amino acids, macro-, meso-and chelated trace elements. Experimental studies were conducted in the conditions of chernozem soils of the Anapa-Taman soil and climatic zone of the Krasnodar Territory. An increase in the yield of standard seedlings by 8.1% was found in comparison with the indicators of the control variant (drip irrigation without fertilizers), the content of K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ cations in the leaves, and the seasonal dynamics of organic acids (ascorbic by 3.0-17.5% and more than 2 times, chlorogenic by 13.7-41.8%, coffee by 9.1-92.3% and higher), as well as the content of photosynthetic pigments, correlating with an increase in the front garden layer of the mesophyll of the leaf by 14.3%. The volume of phytomass of one shoot in the control variant was 34.4 cm³, in the variant using fertigation – 48.1 cm³.

The effect of root top dressing with an organic fertilizer obtained as a result of the bioconversion of the lignocarbon component of wheat straw on the morphometric growth parameters of some species of agricultural industrial crops was studied. The effect of applying T. hirsuta Th-11 fungus culture liquid to the soil as an organic fertilizer on the length of the root and stem, as well as on the accumulation of wet and dry biomass of seedlings of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., Brassica napus L. and Brassica juncea L. The positive effect of T. hirsuta Th-11 culture fluid on plant growth was determined, which is comparable to the growth-stimulating effect of sodium humate of a similar concentration. It was found that the possibility of using biofertilizers, which are obtained by bioconversion of plant waste, increases the productivity and fertility of soils in man-made territories, and also stimulates the growth of crops.

A long-term study of the growth characteristics, development, morphological parameters and economic performance (yield, mass fraction of essential oil and its component composition) of ‘Nikitskiy belyy’ cultivar of medicinal hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) in different natural and climatic conditions of Crimea (the Southern Coast of Crimea is a zone of dry subtropical climate of the Mediterranean type and the Steppe Crimea is a zone of temperate continental climate) showed that the cultivar retains the main varietal characteristics regardless of the growing conditions: the mass fraction of essential oil fluctuates from 0.31 to 0.35% (of wet weight), pinocamphone and iso-pinocamphone stably dominate in the chromatographic profile (in total, their mass fraction is 69.8-79.4% on the Southern Coast of Crimea and 64.4-84.1% in the Steppe Crimea). Vegetation of plants on the Southern Coast of Crimea begins a month earlier, the vegetation period is shorter by 40-45 days, the phases of budding, flowering and fruiting of plants occur 10-20 days later in comparison with the Steppe Crimea. Hyssop plants when cultivated in the Steppe Crimea are distinguished by a higher productivity of the above-ground mass (115,56-133,33 с / ha) and, accordingly, a higher yield of essential oil 46,66 kg / ha). A direct dependence of the content of pinocamphone on temperature and the content of essential oil on the amount of precipitation and air humidity during the vegetation period was revealed.

A comparative study was conducted on the total content of phenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid, and substances exhibiting antioxidant activity in the leaves of Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag., M. didyma L., and M. fistulosa L. cultivated in the steppe region of Crimea. It was found that the content of phenolic compounds in the plant material ranged from 4161 to 8217 mg/100 g, with the highest amount detected in the leaves of M. didyma. The rosmarinic acid content varied between 121 and 271 mg/100 g, with the maximum concentration identified in M. citriodora. Water extracts of the studied species contained up to 1384 mg/100 g of antioxidant-active compounds. The results demonstrated that among the solvents tested, 70% aqueous ethanol was the most effective for the comprehensive extraction of phenolic compounds from the plant material. Based on the data obtained, it was concluded that M. didyma and M. fistulosa are promising sources of phenolic compounds, while M. citriodora is a valuable source of rosmarinic acid.

To study the effect of essential oil of catnip nonpetalactone (Nepeta cataria L.) and citral (Nepeta cataria var. citriodora Beck.) chemotypes on the psychoemotional state, mental performance and functional state of the cardiovascular system. The subjects were 574 women aged 55-85 years. 3 series of studies were performed with an exposure duration of 10, 20 or 30 minutes. In each series, the subjects were divided into control (psychorelaxation) and experimental (psychorelaxation combined with inhalation of essential oil at a concentration of 1 mg/m³ of air) groups. Before and after the procedures, the psychoemotional state was assessed (Hospital scale of anxiety and depression, scale of self-assessment of psychoemotional state), mental performance (test of missing letters, correction test), blood pressure, heart rate, blood circulation efficiency coefficient and Robinson index were calculated. Essential oil of both citral and nonpetalactone chemotypes reduce anxiety almost equally after 10 and 20 minutes of exposure, improve the recognition of words with missing letters after 10 minutes of exposure, and have a positive effect on the function of the cardiovascular system. However, under the action of the nonpetalactone chemotype, the shifts are more pronounced. The essential oil of the nonpetalactone chemotype cat significantly increases the speed and accuracy of performing a correction test with a 30-minute exposure. The essential oil of citral chemotype with 20 and 30-minute exposure increased self-esteem of mindfulness. A 10-minute exposure to nonpetalactone chemotype essential oil had a negative effect on self-assessment of both psychological well-being and psychological tone. There are both common features and differences in the action of the two studied chemotypes due to the peculiarities of their compositions, which must be taken into account in their practical application.